Organization: McGraw-Hill Product Name: Castro, Marine Science 2e 2019 Product Version: 1.2 Source: IMS Online Validator Profile: 1.2.0 Identifier: cc_v1p2 Timestamp: Thursday, August 6, 2020 01:39 PM EDT Status: VALID! Conformant: true ----- VALID! ----- Resource Validation Results The document is valid. ----- VALID! ----- Schema Location Results Schema locations are valid. ----- VALID! ----- Schema Validation Results The document is valid. ----- VALID! ----- Schematron Validation Results The document is valid. Curriculum Standards: 6.D Humans affect the ocean in a variety of ways. Laws, regulations, and resource management affect what is taken out and put into the ocean. Human development and activity leads to pollution (point source, nonpoint source, and noise pollution), changes to ocean chemistry (ocean acidification), and physical modifications (changes to beaches, shores, and rivers). In addition, humans have removed most of the large vertebrates from the ocean. - BCBD0D77-FB7E-4EA1-ABE0-DE6704DF771A 5.I Estuaries provide important and productive nursery areas for many marine and aquatic species. - A4A82A97-E837-496C-812B-0785683EDCEE 2.C Erosion, the wearing away of rock, soil and other biotic and abiotic earth materials, occurs in coastal areas as wind, waves, and currents in rivers and the ocean, and the processes associated with plate tectonics move sediments. Most beach sand (tiny bits of animals, plants, rocks, and minerals) is eroded from land sources and carried to the coast by rivers; sand is also eroded from coastal sources by surf. Sand is redistributed seasonally by waves and coastal currents. - 1F8532D6-4299-4EC9-8C40-371922FDCF72 3.B The ocean moderates global weather and climate by absorbing most of the solar radiation reaching Earth. Heat exchange between the ocean and atmosphere drives the water cycle and oceanic and atmospheric circulation. - CA5FEB13-3BC1-44C0-B3DA-255019F9483B 1.H Although the ocean is large, it is finite, and resources are limited. - 8ED3AAA1-21BA-47D0-9D49-1F0C67CAE496 6.E Changes in ocean temperature and pH due to human activities can affect the survival of some organisms and impact biological diversity (coral bleaching due to increased temperature and inhibition of shell formation due to ocean acidification). - 1C99EE83-9323-45B2-BD0A-34251D6C0FA4 7.A The ocean is the largest unexplored place on Earth, less than 5% of it has been explored. The next generation of explorers and researchers will find great opportunities for discovery, innovation, and investigation. - 9F21445F-A0F5-427D-8DB4-43042F62F5EB 7.D New technologies, sensors, and tools are expanding our ability to explore the ocean. Scientists are relying more and more on satellites, drifters, buoys, subsea observatories, and unmanned submersibles. - 98DCAE19-408E-483F-885E-9EBF765EC34D 7.F Ocean exploration is truly interdisciplinary. It requires close collaboration among biologists, chemists, climatologists, computer programmers, engineers, geologists, meteorologists, physicists, animators, and illustrators. And these interactions foster new ideas and new perspectives for inquiries. - 21C97E5F-F025-4920-B77E-E1B8077257A1 1.C Throughout the ocean there is one interconnected circulation system powered by wind, tides, the force of Earth's rotation (Coriolis effect), the Sun and water density differences. The shape of ocean basins and adjacent land masses influence the path of circulation. This "global ocean conveyor belt" moves water throughout all of the ocean basins, transporting energy (heat), matter, and organisms around the ocean. Changes in ocean circulation have a large impact on the climate and cause changes in ecosystems. - 4EDA14F0-B190-4867-972D-A3E544079A76 5.A Ocean life ranges in size from the smallest living things, microbes, to the largest animal on Earth, blue whales. - 864CBF80-9BB6-4CF9-8320-4400C8FFA199 7.C Over the last 50 years, use of ocean resources has increased significantly; the future sustainability of ocean resources depends on our understanding of those resources and their potential. - 50DEAA20-6178-4ED2-BF1B-4C010698D875 1.E Most of Earth's water (97%) is in the ocean. Seawater has unique properties. It is salty, its freezing point is slightly lower than fresh water, its density is slightly higher, its electrical conductivity is much higher, and it is slightly basic. Balance of pH is vital for the health of marine ecosystems, and important in controlling the rate at which the ocean will absorb and buffer changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide. - D512D1EA-9BE9-423A-9068-C8CCE80CE67D 2.E Tectonic activity, sea level changes, and the force of waves influence the physical structure and landforms of the coast. - 3196A1E4-69F5-442F-9190-9DCC6D5B3201 3.C Heat exchange between the ocean and atmosphere can result in dramatic global and regional weather phenomena, impacting patterns of rain and drought. Significant examples include the El Niño Southern Oscillation and La Niña, which cause important changes in global weather patterns because they alter the sea surface temperature patterns in the Pacific. - E135EA6E-C8EC-4416-B7A3-4E25AC8BBA89 6.G Everyone is responsible for caring for the ocean. The ocean sustains life on Earth and humans must live in ways that sustain the ocean. Individual and collective actions are needed to effectively manage ocean resources for all. - 45CC3874-BE3B-4A0F-9BDE-9397B9532D32 6.A The ocean affects every human life. It supplies freshwater (most rain comes from the ocean) and nearly all Earth's oxygen. The ocean moderates the Earth's climate, influences our weather, and affects human health. - 6AC8F741-C96C-41E1-8099-E80F02E948C8 1.F The ocean is an integral part of the water cycle and is connected to all of Earth's water reservoirs via evaporation and precipitation processes. - E617BAA8-77B0-4032-B27C-0F69BA306C7F 3.E The ocean dominates Earth's carbon cycle. Half of the primary productivity on Earth takes place in the sunlit layers of the ocean. The ocean absorbs roughly half of all carbon dioxide and methane that are added to the atmosphere. - 9434F63C-5268-4DAE-8EE4-B6815BAD3E93 3.G Changes in the ocean-atmosphere system can result in changes to the climate that in turn, cause further changes to the ocean and atmosphere. These interactions have dramatic physical, chemical, biological, economic, and social consequences. - F81F5357-D0A5-4423-B15B-79BE0908F79F 1.B Ocean basins are composed of the seafloor and all of its geological features (such as islands, trenches, mid-ocean ridges, and rift valleys) and vary in size, shape and features due to the movement of Earth's crust (lithosphere). Earth's highest peaks, deepest valleys and flattest plains are all in the ocean. - 4EE8023F-BBEA-439D-8D85-64570B5B144B 4.C The ocean provided and continues to provide water, oxygen, and nutrients, and moderates the climate needed for life to exist on Earth (Essential Principles 1, 3, and 5). - 14DE4B23-6B4E-42E6-AF30-798B9B93EE62 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. - 43107806-5a14-4660-aad7-e54759f987a7 5.F Ocean ecosystems are defined by environmental factors and the community of organisms living there. Ocean life is not evenly distributed through time or space due to differences in abiotic factors such as oxygen, salinity, temperature, pH, light, nutrients, pressure, substrate, and circulation. A few regions of the ocean support the most abundant life on Earth, while most of the ocean does not support much life. - 4A22343F-441E-44E1-8111-2C0348291AF8 3.F The ocean has had, and will continue to have, a significant influence on climate change by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon, and water. Changes in the ocean's circulation have produced large, abrupt changes in climate during the last 50,000 years. - 96E6B5A4-E1F6-46BE-80C9-FB12504836A0 1.D Sea level is the average height of the ocean relative to the land, taking into account the differences caused by tides. Sea level changes as plate tectonics cause the volume of ocean basins and the height of the land to change. It changes as ice caps on land melt or grow. It also changes as sea water expands and contracts when ocean water warms and cools. - 6C503631-9ED9-42A1-9676-7F5EA8A4CA62 2.D The ocean is the largest reservoir of rapidly cycling carbon on Earth. Many organisms use carbon dissolved in the ocean to form shells, other skeletal parts, and coral reefs. - B43A6A4D-CE4A-4CF9-9DC6-4AD6C5C83F75 7.B Understanding the ocean is more than a matter of curiosity. Exploration, experimentation, and discovery are required to better understand ocean systems and processes. Our very survival hinges upon it. - 9D9A8E72-E10C-4E82-B70C-E4C4A3C206D1 7.E Use of mathematical models is an essential part of understanding the ocean system. Models help us understand the complexity of the ocean and its interactions with Earth's interior, atmosphere, climate, and land masses. - ED0643C3-F227-4373-9300-AC2E3B5FEA29 4.B The ocean is the cradle of life; the earliest evidence of life is found in the ocean. The millions of different species of organisms on Earth today are related by descent from common ancestors that evolved in the ocean and continue to evolve today. - 5897D488-B197-4AF8-AAD6-388B41E0B744 5.H Tides, waves, predation, substrate, and/or other factors cause vertical zonation patterns along the coast; density, pressure, and light levels cause vertical zonation patterns in the open ocean. Zonation patterns influence organisms' distribution and diversity. - 4C671A7F-4D9E-47F5-988C-CE2BBBEFC91D 3.D Condensation of water that evaporated from warm seas provides the energy for hurricanes and cyclones. Most rain that falls on land originally evaporated from the tropical ocean. - 52578EBE-E783-4FAC-9113-672A45A17806 6.B The ocean provides food, medicines, and mineral and energy resources. It supports jobs and national economies, serves as a highway for transportation of goods and people, and plays a role in national security. - 600AFA17-D385-48B4-A5B9-073AD47FD5E0 2.B Sea level changes over time have expanded and contracted continental shelves, created and destroyed inland seas, and shaped the surface of land. - 63AFFD83-0BD4-4FC5-B8EB-841ED986F23F 5.C Most of the major groups that exist on Earth are found exclusively in the ocean and the diversity of major groups of organisms is much greater in the ocean than on land. - 9CD02F59-4B58-4135-B340-5632AAB3AE64 6.F Much of the world's population lives in coastal areas. Coastal regions are susceptible to natural hazards (tsunamis, hurricanes, cyclones, sea level change, and storm surges). - 717BBE75-C594-4F67-A7F7-0DB52C2BD7BD 4.A Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere originally came from the activities of photosynthetic organisms in the ocean. This accumulation of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere was necessary for life to develop and be sustained on land. - 76E065FE-296B-4183-8D28-C22B59A3367C 5.D Ocean biology provides many unique examples of life cycles, adaptations, and important relationships among organisms (symbiosis, predator-prey dynamics, and energy transfer) that do not occur on land. - 8F2D8801-3C5E-48B6-AE14-DFCF62EB06D4 2.A Many earth materials and biogeochemical cycles originate in the ocean. Many of the sedimentary rocks now exposed on land were formed in the ocean. Ocean life laid down the vast volume of siliceous and carbonate rocks. - E46FFBCE-1532-47EA-8F98-56625E42D039 1.G The ocean is connected to major lakes, watersheds, and waterways because all major watersheds on Earth drain to the ocean. Rivers and streams transport nutrients, salts, sediments, and pollutants from watersheds to coastal estuaries and to the ocean. - AA0FE9B8-BD94-4195-95D3-BAEB70DCA4ED 3.A The interaction of oceanic and atmospheric processes controls weather and climate by dominating the Earth's energy, water, and carbon systems. - 9ECF6612-54B3-4C17-AEEF-228E69C034E4 6.C The ocean is a source of inspiration, recreation, rejuvenation, and discovery. It is also an important element in the heritage of many cultures. - 4F0882F6-B54D-4C2F-A17A-D46E245EB47A 1.A The ocean is the defining physical feature on our planet Earth, covering approximately 70% of the planet's surface. There is one ocean with many ocean basins, such as the North Pacific, South Pacific, North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic. - 788750C5-9A83-4065-B7E2-84F56C75893D 5.G There are deep ocean ecosystems that are independent of energy from sunlight and photosynthetic organisms. Hydrothermal vents, submarine hot springs, and methane cold seeps, rely only on chemical energy and chemosynthetic organisms to support life. - 1C035CDA-2A6A-49E6-9CFB-FBB2CA308059 5.B Most of the organisms and biomass in the ocean are microbes, which are the basis of all ocean food webs. Microbes are the most important primary producers in the ocean. They have extremely fast growth rates and life cycles, and produce a huge amount of the carbon and oxygen on Earth. - F2118BDE-D2B5-4BA6-9906-1F7077F805F8 5.E The ocean provides a vast living space with diverse and unique ecosystems from the surface through the water column and down to, and below, the seafloor. 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resources/basicLTILink/R_56A57044B742DBCC24D5F9F98AB362AE.xml resources/basicLTILink/R_68E2077BC0B89C89B3FD434D0C71C95B.xml resources/basicLTILink/R_394E33CD8231A2C38D89D9327CC26EDB.xml resources/basicLTILink/R_7305852C82DB6009310A96C2F823548D.xml resources/basicLTILink/R_E650FA46AE69D112713E5C835C96E6D0.xml resources/basicLTILink/R_7AC58BC1A6603988154C90440A969F07.xml resources/basicLTILink/R_5BE6F9C345583F44B48BD5BCEBF45093.xml resources/basicLTILink/R_E43048E5D75355EB0F564E6E67E2CAF3.xml resources/basicLTILink/R_7768D7212A84E01C43D39E692F416028.xml resources/basicLTILink/R_5EDB1C3D2462A1D9C7F1C37BC7F917D6.xml Title: Castro, Marine Science, High School Edition, (2nd Edition) Description: Castro, Marine Science, High School Edition, (2nd Edition) Keyword: McGraw-Hill Education Catalog: GUID Identifier: 8c67c91b-71ff-459e-b09c-2072a1655b88 Course Resources: Marine Science General Course Resources Teacher Manual Intended Role: Instructor NGSS Correlation Intended Role: Instructor Ocean Literacy Correlation Intended Role: Instructor Marine Science Lab Manual Introduction Intended Role: Instructor Science and Engineering Practices Handbook Intended Role: Instructor eBook publisher: mhe 2020 Intended Role: Learner SmartBook Intended Role: Instructor Unit: 1: The Ocean Environment Unit Assignment Unit 1 Project publisher: McGraw-Hill Education 2020 Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Instructor Unit 1 Career Activity publisher: mhe 2020 Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Investigate Ocean Currents Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Investigate Tsunamis Intended Role: Instructor Teacher Resources Lab: Investigate Ocean Currents Teacher Guide and Answer Key Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Investigate Tsunamis Teacher Guide and Answer Key Intended Role: Instructor Chapter: 1: Principles of Marine Science Student Resources eBook Chapter 1 publisher: mhe 2019 Curriculum Standards: 4.A Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere originally came from the activities of photosynthetic organisms in the ocean. This accumulation of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere was necessary for life to develop and be sustained on land. 4.C The ocean provided and continues to provide water, oxygen, and nutrients, and moderates the climate needed for life to exist on Earth (Essential Principles 1, 3, and 5). 6.A The ocean affects every human life. It supplies freshwater (most rain comes from the ocean) and nearly all Earth's oxygen. The ocean moderates the Earth's climate, influences our weather, and affects human health. 6.B The ocean provides food, medicines, and mineral and energy resources. It supports jobs and national economies, serves as a highway for transportation of goods and people, and plays a role in national security. 6.C The ocean is a source of inspiration, recreation, rejuvenation, and discovery. It is also an important element in the heritage of many cultures. 7.A The ocean is the largest unexplored place on Earth, less than 5% of it has been explored. The next generation of explorers and researchers will find great opportunities for discovery, innovation, and investigation. 7.B Understanding the ocean is more than a matter of curiosity. Exploration, experimentation, and discovery are required to better understand ocean systems and processes. Our very survival hinges upon it. 7.D New technologies, sensors, and tools are expanding our ability to explore the ocean. Scientists are relying more and more on satellites, drifters, buoys, subsea observatories, and unmanned submersibles. 7.F Ocean exploration is truly interdisciplinary. It requires close collaboration among biologists, chemists, climatologists, computer programmers, engineers, geologists, meteorologists, physicists, animators, and illustrators. And these interactions foster new ideas and new perspectives for inquiries. Intended Role: Learner Chapter Assignments Lab: Reviewing the Scientific Method Intended Role: Instructor Chapter 1 Project Intended Role: Instructor PowerPoint Presentation Intended Role: Instructor Chapter 1 Flashcards Intended Role: Instructor Vocabulary Activity: Recalling the Scientific Method Intended Role: Instructor Key Question Activity: Section 1.1 The HMS Challenger Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Instructor Key Question Activity: Section 1.2 Gray Whale Research Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Instructor "Scientists Say…": An Inquiry Activity for Ocean Modeling Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Instructor An Adventure in Real Time: An Inquiry Activity for Observing the Ocean Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Instructor Ocean Acidification Exposé: An Inquiry Activity for Carbonate Experiments on the Reef Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Learner Teacher Resources Teacher Manual Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Reviewing the Scientific Method Teacher Guide and Answers Intended Role: Instructor Illustrative Art Intended Role: Instructor Chapter: 2: Plate Tectonics and the Structure of Ocean Basins Student Resources eBook Chapter 2 publisher: mhe 2019 Curriculum Standards: 1.A The ocean is the defining physical feature on our planet Earth, covering approximately 70% of the planet's surface. There is one ocean with many ocean basins, such as the North Pacific, South Pacific, North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic. 1.B Ocean basins are composed of the seafloor and all of its geological features (such as islands, trenches, mid-ocean ridges, and rift valleys) and vary in size, shape and features due to the movement of Earth's crust (lithosphere). Earth's highest peaks, deepest valleys and flattest plains are all in the ocean. 1.D Sea level is the average height of the ocean relative to the land, taking into account the differences caused by tides. Sea level changes as plate tectonics cause the volume of ocean basins and the height of the land to change. It changes as ice caps on land melt or grow. It also changes as sea water expands and contracts when ocean water warms and cools. 2.A Many earth materials and biogeochemical cycles originate in the ocean. Many of the sedimentary rocks now exposed on land were formed in the ocean. Ocean life laid down the vast volume of siliceous and carbonate rocks. 2.B Sea level changes over time have expanded and contracted continental shelves, created and destroyed inland seas, and shaped the surface of land. 2.C Erosion, the wearing away of rock, soil and other biotic and abiotic earth materials, occurs in coastal areas as wind, waves, and currents in rivers and the ocean, and the processes associated with plate tectonics move sediments. Most beach sand (tiny bits of animals, plants, rocks, and minerals) is eroded from land sources and carried to the coast by rivers; sand is also eroded from coastal sources by surf. Sand is redistributed seasonally by waves and coastal currents. 2.E Tectonic activity, sea level changes, and the force of waves influence the physical structure and landforms of the coast. 3.F The ocean has had, and will continue to have, a significant influence on climate change by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon, and water. Changes in the ocean's circulation have produced large, abrupt changes in climate during the last 50,000 years. 4.C The ocean provided and continues to provide water, oxygen, and nutrients, and moderates the climate needed for life to exist on Earth (Essential Principles 1, 3, and 5). 5.E The ocean provides a vast living space with diverse and unique ecosystems from the surface through the water column and down to, and below, the seafloor. Most of the living space on Earth is in the ocean. 5.G There are deep ocean ecosystems that are independent of energy from sunlight and photosynthetic organisms. Hydrothermal vents, submarine hot springs, and methane cold seeps, rely only on chemical energy and chemosynthetic organisms to support life. 6.A The ocean affects every human life. It supplies freshwater (most rain comes from the ocean) and nearly all Earth's oxygen. The ocean moderates the Earth's climate, influences our weather, and affects human health. Intended Role: Learner Chapter Assignments Lab: Earth's Structure and Earthquake Analysis Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics Intended Role: Instructor Chapter 2 Project Intended Role: Instructor PowerPoint Presentation Intended Role: Instructor Chapter 2 Flashcards Intended Role: Instructor Vocabulary Activity: Tectonic Plates and Seafloor Intended Role: Instructor Key Question Activity: Section 2.1 Exploring Earth's Oceans and Crust Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Instructor Key Question Activity: Section 2.2 Evidence for Anthropogenic Climate Change Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner Key Question Activity: Section 2.3 Habitat Diversity Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner Island Chains: An Inquiry Activity for The Hawaiian Islands Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Learner Deep Sea Microbial Loops: An Inquiry Activity for Life Below the Sea Floor Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Learner How Conduction and Convection Drive Plate Tectonics Intended Role: Instructor Similarities and Differences Between Continents and Ocean Basins Intended Role: Instructor Earthquake Distribution Patterns Intended Role: Instructor How Hotspots Form Volcanic Island Chains Intended Role: Instructor Oceanic-Continental Plate Convergence Intended Role: Instructor Oceanic Plate Divergence Intended Role: Instructor Seafloor Evidence Supporting the Theory of Plate Tectonics Intended Role: Instructor Seafloor Magnetic Patterns Intended Role: Instructor Transform Plate Boundaries Intended Role: Instructor Oceanic Plate Convergence Intended Role: Instructor Teacher Resources Teacher Manual Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Earth's Structure and Earthquake Analysis Teacher Guide and Answers.pdf Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics Teacher Guide and Answers Intended Role: Instructor Illustrative Art Intended Role: Instructor Chapter: 3: Ocean Chemistry and Structure Student Resources eBook Chapter 3 publisher: mhe 2019 Curriculum Standards: 1.E Most of Earth's water (97%) is in the ocean. Seawater has unique properties. It is salty, its freezing point is slightly lower than fresh water, its density is slightly higher, its electrical conductivity is much higher, and it is slightly basic. Balance of pH is vital for the health of marine ecosystems, and important in controlling the rate at which the ocean will absorb and buffer changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide. 1.F The ocean is an integral part of the water cycle and is connected to all of Earth's water reservoirs via evaporation and precipitation processes. 2.A Many earth materials and biogeochemical cycles originate in the ocean. Many of the sedimentary rocks now exposed on land were formed in the ocean. Ocean life laid down the vast volume of siliceous and carbonate rocks. 2.D The ocean is the largest reservoir of rapidly cycling carbon on Earth. Many organisms use carbon dissolved in the ocean to form shells, other skeletal parts, and coral reefs. 3.A The interaction of oceanic and atmospheric processes controls weather and climate by dominating the Earth's energy, water, and carbon systems. 3.E The ocean dominates Earth's carbon cycle. Half of the primary productivity on Earth takes place in the sunlit layers of the ocean. The ocean absorbs roughly half of all carbon dioxide and methane that are added to the atmosphere. 4.A Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere originally came from the activities of photosynthetic organisms in the ocean. This accumulation of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere was necessary for life to develop and be sustained on land. 4.C The ocean provided and continues to provide water, oxygen, and nutrients, and moderates the climate needed for life to exist on Earth (Essential Principles 1, 3, and 5). 6.A The ocean affects every human life. It supplies freshwater (most rain comes from the ocean) and nearly all Earth's oxygen. The ocean moderates the Earth's climate, influences our weather, and affects human health. 6.D Humans affect the ocean in a variety of ways. Laws, regulations, and resource management affect what is taken out and put into the ocean. Human development and activity leads to pollution (point source, nonpoint source, and noise pollution), changes to ocean chemistry (ocean acidification), and physical modifications (changes to beaches, shores, and rivers). In addition, humans have removed most of the large vertebrates from the ocean. 6.E Changes in ocean temperature and pH due to human activities can affect the survival of some organisms and impact biological diversity (coral bleaching due to increased temperature and inhibition of shell formation due to ocean acidification). 7.B Understanding the ocean is more than a matter of curiosity. Exploration, experimentation, and discovery are required to better understand ocean systems and processes. Our very survival hinges upon it. Intended Role: Learner Chapter Assignments Lab: Measuring the Chemical Properties of Water Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Ocean Acidification Intended Role: Instructor Chapter 3 Project Intended Role: Learner PowerPoint Presentation Intended Role: Instructor Vocabulary Activity: Ocean Chemistry in Six Words or Less publisher: mhe 2020 Intended Role: Learner Chapter 3 Flashcards Intended Role: Learner Key Question Activity: Section 3.1 Hot or Cold? Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner Key Question Activity: Section 3.2 Underwater Worlds Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner Key Question Activity: Section 3.3 Impacts of Ocean Acidification Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner Lights, Camera, Action!: An Inquiry Activity for Coral Reefs and Climate Change Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Learner An Ocean of Color: An Inquiry Activity for Ocean Optics Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Learner Essentials of Water Intended Role: Instructor Teacher Resources Teacher Manual Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Measuring the Chemical Properties of Water Teacher Guide and Answers Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Ocean Acidification Teacher Guide and Answers Intended Role: Instructor Illustrative Art Intended Role: Instructor Chapter: 4: Waves and Tides Student Resources eBook Chapter 4 publisher: mhe 2019 Curriculum Standards: 2.C Erosion, the wearing away of rock, soil and other biotic and abiotic earth materials, occurs in coastal areas as wind, waves, and currents in rivers and the ocean, and the processes associated with plate tectonics move sediments. Most beach sand (tiny bits of animals, plants, rocks, and minerals) is eroded from land sources and carried to the coast by rivers; sand is also eroded from coastal sources by surf. Sand is redistributed seasonally by waves and coastal currents. 2.E Tectonic activity, sea level changes, and the force of waves influence the physical structure and landforms of the coast. 6.F Much of the world's population lives in coastal areas. Coastal regions are susceptible to natural hazards (tsunamis, hurricanes, cyclones, sea level change, and storm surges). Intended Role: Learner Chapter Assignments Lab: Making Waves Intended Role: Instructor Chapter 4 Project Intended Role: Learner PowerPoint Presentation Intended Role: Instructor Chapter 4 Flashcards Intended Role: Learner Vocabulary Activity: The Anatomy of a Wave Intended Role: Learner Key Question Activity: Section 4.1 Making Waves Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner Key Question Activity: Section 4.2 Natural Hazards PSA Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner Key Question Activity: Section 4.3 Tide Chart Predictions Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner How to Stay Alive During a Tsunami: An Inquiry Activity for Waves that Kill Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Learner Stay in Your Zone!: An Inquiry Activity for Between the Tides Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Learner Tidal Formation Intended Role: Instructor Tsunamis Intended Role: Instructor How Waves Break Intended Role: Instructor Spring and Neap Tides Intended Role: Instructor Teacher Resources Teacher Manual Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Making Waves Teacher Guide and Answers Intended Role: Instructor Illustrative Art Intended Role: Instructor Chapter: 5: Ocean and Atmospheric Circulation Student Resources eBook Chapter 5 publisher: mhe 2019 Curriculum Standards: 1.C Throughout the ocean there is one interconnected circulation system powered by wind, tides, the force of Earth's rotation (Coriolis effect), the Sun and water density differences. The shape of ocean basins and adjacent land masses influence the path of circulation. This "global ocean conveyor belt" moves water throughout all of the ocean basins, transporting energy (heat), matter, and organisms around the ocean. Changes in ocean circulation have a large impact on the climate and cause changes in ecosystems. 1.D Sea level is the average height of the ocean relative to the land, taking into account the differences caused by tides. Sea level changes as plate tectonics cause the volume of ocean basins and the height of the land to change. It changes as ice caps on land melt or grow. It also changes as sea water expands and contracts when ocean water warms and cools. 1.F The ocean is an integral part of the water cycle and is connected to all of Earth's water reservoirs via evaporation and precipitation processes. 2.B Sea level changes over time have expanded and contracted continental shelves, created and destroyed inland seas, and shaped the surface of land. 3.A The interaction of oceanic and atmospheric processes controls weather and climate by dominating the Earth's energy, water, and carbon systems. 3.B The ocean moderates global weather and climate by absorbing most of the solar radiation reaching Earth. Heat exchange between the ocean and atmosphere drives the water cycle and oceanic and atmospheric circulation. 3.C Heat exchange between the ocean and atmosphere can result in dramatic global and regional weather phenomena, impacting patterns of rain and drought. Significant examples include the El Niño Southern Oscillation and La Niña, which cause important changes in global weather patterns because they alter the sea surface temperature patterns in the Pacific. 3.D Condensation of water that evaporated from warm seas provides the energy for hurricanes and cyclones. Most rain that falls on land originally evaporated from the tropical ocean. 3.F The ocean has had, and will continue to have, a significant influence on climate change by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon, and water. Changes in the ocean's circulation have produced large, abrupt changes in climate during the last 50,000 years. 3.G Changes in the ocean-atmosphere system can result in changes to the climate that in turn, cause further changes to the ocean and atmosphere. These interactions have dramatic physical, chemical, biological, economic, and social consequences. 4.C The ocean provided and continues to provide water, oxygen, and nutrients, and moderates the climate needed for life to exist on Earth (Essential Principles 1, 3, and 5). 6.A The ocean affects every human life. It supplies freshwater (most rain comes from the ocean) and nearly all Earth's oxygen. The ocean moderates the Earth's climate, influences our weather, and affects human health. 6.E Changes in ocean temperature and pH due to human activities can affect the survival of some organisms and impact biological diversity (coral bleaching due to increased temperature and inhibition of shell formation due to ocean acidification). 6.F Much of the world's population lives in coastal areas. Coastal regions are susceptible to natural hazards (tsunamis, hurricanes, cyclones, sea level change, and storm surges). 7.E Use of mathematical models is an essential part of understanding the ocean system. Models help us understand the complexity of the ocean and its interactions with Earth's interior, atmosphere, climate, and land masses. Intended Role: Learner Chapter Assignments Lab: Water Currents: Thermohaline Circulation Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Ocean and Atmosphere Interactions: Wind and Waves Intended Role: Instructor Chapter 5 Project Intended Role: Learner PowerPoint Presentation Intended Role: Instructor Chapter 5 Flashcards Intended Role: Learner Vocabulary Activity: Atmosphere and Ocean Layers Intended Role: Learner Key Question Activity: Section 5.1 Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner Key Question Activity: Section 5.2 The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, A Case Study Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner Key Question Activity: Section 5.3 Ocean Water Movement Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner Key Question Activity: Section 5.4 Bottled Hurricane Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner Key Question Activity: Section 5.5 Climate Change and You Student Worksheet publisher: MHE 2020 Intended Role: Learner Stayin' Alive: An Inquiry Activity for Larval Transport near Hydrothermal Vents Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Learner When the Conveyor Belt Stops…: An Inquiry Activity for Tall Ships and Surface Currents Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Learner Wedge Strategies for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intended Role: Instructor Causes of Sea Level Change Intended Role: Instructor The Layers of the Atmosphere Intended Role: Instructor Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones Intended Role: Instructor The Greenhouse Effect Intended Role: Instructor El Nino and La Nina Intended Role: Instructor Effects of El Nino Intended Role: Instructor Monsoons Intended Role: Instructor The Coriolis Effect Intended Role: Instructor Thermohaline Circulation Intended Role: Instructor Greenhouse Gases Intended Role: Instructor El Nino Development Intended Role: Instructor Teacher Resources Teacher Manual Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Water Currents: Thermohaline Circulation Teacher Guide and Answers Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Ocean and Atmosphere Interactions: Wind and Waves Teacher Guide and Answers Intended Role: Instructor Illustrative Art Intended Role: Instructor Unit: 2: The Organisms of the Sea Unit Assignment Unit 2 Project publisher: Mhe 2020 Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Instructor Unit 2 - Career Activity publisher: mhe 2020 Curriculum Standards: 5.D.2.b A gray area exists between these two extremes. For instance, the dissolution of a salt in water involves breaking of ionic bonds and the formation of interactions between ions and solvent. The magnitude of these interactions can be comparable to covalent bond strengths, and so plausible arguments can be made for classifying dissolution of a salt as either a physical or chemical process. Intended Role: Learner Lab: Investigate Hermit Crab Behavior Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Investigate Plankton Intended Role: Instructor Teacher Resources Lab: Investigate Hermit Crab Behavior Teacher Guide and Answer Key Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Investigate Plankton Teacher Guide and Answer Key Intended Role: Instructor Chapter: 6: Fundamentals of Biology Student Resources eBook Chapter 6 publisher: mhe 2019 Curriculum Standards: 4.B The ocean is the cradle of life; the earliest evidence of life is found in the ocean. The millions of different species of organisms on Earth today are related by descent from common ancestors that evolved in the ocean and continue to evolve today. 5.A Ocean life ranges in size from the smallest living things, microbes, to the largest animal on Earth, blue whales. 5.C Most of the major groups that exist on Earth are found exclusively in the ocean and the diversity of major groups of organisms is much greater in the ocean than on land. Intended Role: Learner Chapter Resources Lab: Could you beat natural selection? Intended Role: Instructor Lab: Construct a Dichotomous Key Intended Role: Instructor Chapter 6 Project publisher: MHE 2020