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Curriculum Standards: PS2.A Forces and Motion - A77CAF27-6DF7-48DA-965E-022F58C51A95 2.1.4 Science Addresses Questions About the Natural and Material World. - 06de7cd6-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 4.2 Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions - such as inputs, processes, and outputs - and energy and matter flows within systems. - E3C48600-4BBC-4323-B956-EB54C01A6B46 2 Cause and Effect - 194E9A00-2FEF-414D-8663-D7C03B8A571A CCSS.Math.Content.8.F.A Define, evaluate, and compare functions. - 1F461EC8-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 2 Influence of Engineering, Technology, and Science on Society and the Natural World - d214acff-902d-4dec-a5d6-c65f28aaf48d MS-ETS1.A Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems - 5a0b2db1-f1fc-475b-bc6d-38b26bebe065 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.7.5 Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasize salient points. - 80CD715A-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 PS1.A Structure and Properties of Matter - 3E8A56AA-BC78-4B81-B821-1CEAD89E20C2 MS-ESS1.A The Universe and Its Stars - f763206f-b207-404e-b9d6-d87c0b7a132b CCSS.Math.Content.7.EE.B.3 Solve multi-step real-life and mathematical problems posed with positive and negative rational numbers in any form (whole numbers, fractions, and decimals), using tools strategically. Apply properties of operations to calculate with numbers in any form; convert between forms as appropriate; and assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies. - 1EDE4C8A-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.5.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 5 topics and texts, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly. - 1CB5E450-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 8.b Integrate qualitative and/or quantitative scientific and/or technical information in written text with that contained in media and visual displays to clarify claims and findings. - 02BC66F4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 ETS1.C Optimizing the Design Solution - 842ECEE4-3019-4ADB-909C-05CDA888EC4D PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation - 5EEE219E-A614-4FBE-BDDF-7B033982C658 ETS1.B.1 A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results, in order to improve it. - 56B61FC8-918A-4488-BF07-313461413EBD 2.g Develop a model to generate data to test ideas about designed systems, including those representing inputs and outputs. - 01186F83-6025-48F3-A877-FFAC0A8B4FBC CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. - 2AC660FC-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 1.4 Graphs and charts can be used to identify patterns in data. - 320FB081-F5B6-40C1-9C79-F3C803E4162F 4 Systems and System Models - 87DAAB39-D9DE-4851-906A-13FFC2E73049 7 Stability and Change - 7766913c-e46a-42d4-a3c7-94bcefba4151 PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer - 0A0D88E1-E88B-4A67-81CB-113B6972B6E5 5.3 Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). - ade22f72-777a-49ab-ac4b-44b1f4bb0a9c 3.1 Time, space, and energy phenomena can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. - 0DFB6ABE-7901-4C09-AC7E-5A2847EF44D3 5-LS2.A.1 The food of almost any kind of animal can be traced back to plants. Organisms are related in food webs in which some animals eat plants for food and other animals eat the animals that eat plants. Some organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, break down dead organisms (both plants or plants parts and animals) and therefore operate as “decomposers.” Decomposition eventually restores (recycles) some materials back to the soil. Organisms can survive only in environments in which their particular needs are met. A healthy ecosystem is one in which multiple species of different types are each able to meet their needs in a relatively stable web of life. Newly introduced species can damage the balance of an ecosystem. - 7456b6ac-1997-4cf5-b091-1eecb32d4be9 4.g Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - 79CC8698-97EC-4100-AFBB-D0FA15148B69 7.1 Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and forces at different scales. - 9D75D212-9661-4E38-A37F-00608284A572 2.1.3.4 Advances in technology influence the progress of science and science has influenced advances in technology. - a415da73-dfcf-4dc4-b874-ce5bc6681826 6.c Construct a scientific explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from sources (including the students’ own experiments) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future. - 02B4478A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 CCSS.Math.Content.7.RP.A Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems. - 1EB29FEA-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 3 Scale, Proportion, and Quantity - BCF7A490-7166-4B4B-8CB6-ACE84CDB11D1 MS-ETS1.B.1 A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results, in order to improve it. - 3a348daa-dee3-4a23-980b-080fdfb7f491 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.8 Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation. - 2AC1FD0A-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - C119F6B3-121B-4D11-AA92-83C01F7F5E45 MS-PS2.A.2 The motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it; if the total force on the object is not zero, its motion will change. The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force needed to achieve the same change in motion. For any given object, a larger force causes a larger change in motion. - 270b62ae-0048-42e3-960c-eadf1a32a573 5.4 The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system. - A6FBAB3D-EE86-4734-B8D3-BFD2A0598637 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.5 Integrate multimedia and visual displays into presentations to clarify information, strengthen claims and evidence, and add interest. - 1D9A08CE-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 2.1.3.3 Scientists and engineers are guided by habits of mind such as intellectual honesty, tolerance of ambiguity, skepticism and openness to new ideas. - dd2bcc7c-c619-4aaa-bf67-5bf771c5d501 PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation - 916EC40C-9BF1-48A4-9CF8-44BA3E94F902 5 Energy and Matter - 59d13813-bfc9-41f4-af7e-e5af0b02aec7 PS4.B.5 However, because light can travel through space, it cannot be a matter wave, like sound or water waves. - 5E350875-551A-42F9-ABE0-A3B70A432CDE 3 Planning and Carrying Out Investigations - 2F1C80ED-8D09-4421-998F-CC03AE90F7EF MS-ESS3.C.1 Human activities have significantly altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging or destroying natural habitats and causing the extinction of other species. But changes to Earth’s environments can have different impacts (negative and positive) for different living things. - cdc865b2-7d1a-4260-826d-512e632120ad 5 Energy and Matter - 29632A75-3057-45BB-9D4F-510A541E83A8 PS1.A.3 Each pure substance has characteristic physical and chemical properties (for any bulk quantity under given conditions) that can be used to identify it. - 9949FEF3-1F44-4141-AA0A-3170137173B1 PS4.A.2 A sound wave needs a medium through which it is transmitted. - 96DFCAC8-CD01-4497-913B-C8D317F60277 8.b Integrate qualitative scientific and technical information in written text with that contained in media and visual displays to clarify claims and findings. - EDA4AD2F-A26A-4A02-BC63-CE720802F097 4.e Apply concepts of statistics and probability (including mean, median, mode, and variability) to analyze and characterize data, using digital tools when feasible. - 02AD0F24-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.2 Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. - 66AF08D4-1189-460D-B9A4-9DA74F4F55F5 PS3.A Definitions of Energy - E9EE0A62-607A-4917-90BF-4591CC808160 2.1.1.2 Science knowledge is cumulative and many people, from many generations and nations, have contributed to science knowledge. - ba0a97e0-7536-4e4d-8ebf-122c92fd2985 PS2.B.1 Electric and magnetic (electromagnetic) forces can be attractive or repulsive, and their sizes depend on the magnitudes of the charges, currents, or magnetic strengths involved and on the distances between the interacting objects. - 12BF4F85-832B-4613-88D0-A5A2EF738C4E 4 Systems and System Models - 93cb1128-87e2-4a54-9f3e-4033a4d0bd2c PS1.A Structure and Properties of Matter - DFC8140F-7ED5-4458-A5D9-5670EB112B02 5.1 Matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. - 61424FFA-2B29-41E0-9979-D13129D8B12F 2.1.3.1 Men and women from different social, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds work as scientists and engineers. - 098d077d-0928-40fb-93e4-a38f66d4ffe5 PS1.B.3 Some chemical reactions release energy, others store energy. - C7BCB644-1025-4EB7-9712-5FE1BFF6EB19 2.d Develop a model to predict and/or describe phenomena. - ADA85428-CFFA-4F16-B89E-F56BCB1426E2 5-PS1.A.1 Matter of any type can be subdivided into particles that are too small to see, but even then the matter still exists and can be detected by other means. A model showing that gases are made from matter particles that are too small to see and are moving freely around in space can explain many observations, including the inflation and shape of a balloon and the effects of air on larger particles or objects. - 1e7964f3-27bb-44b4-8470-64c60d9c2882 2.a All human activity draws on natural resources and has both short and long-term consequences, positive as well as negative, for the health of people and the natural environment. - 587dccbe-3fd1-4426-b8b5-dc6087dfea8a 4.c Distinguish between causal and correlational relationships in data. - 02ABE176-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.f Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. - D33641D7-E98C-4374-92A6-2FC2FE076CB0 MS-ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System - a0898a45-c5b4-4deb-b436-c9b0842d5aee PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer - 4A80CBDD-8EDB-4D06-BD0A-C10046ECDC13 PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer - 379E7F43-BD89-4CB1-AD47-6930D8A490E4 PS2.B Types of Interactions - E1DBBB86-BAF6-4877-9478-E40113CBBD16 PI.5.6 Reading closely literary and informational texts and viewing multimedia to determine how meaning is conveyed explicitly and implicitly through language - 23DA2C52-3A33-11E2-B7CD-2BFEBCAA0334 6.d Apply scientific ideas to construct an explanation for real-world phenomena, examples, or events. - A61DE081-1D8D-46CF-8277-18F74F5D1486 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - 7943D641-3A0D-4FF9-8F28-C99F2AA04D71 MS-ETS1.C.4 The iterative process of testing the most promising solutions and modifying what is proposed on the basis of the test results leads to greater refinement and ultimately to an optimal solution. - cf92dddb-9664-4782-a875-eaeff7b165b4 PS3.A Definitions of Energy - 47BEB080-E769-4CF8-98E2-437796AC05D2 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - 1395E4DC-BFB6-4D44-8D04-CD6356904CEF MS-PS4-1 Use mathematical representations to describe a simple model for waves that includes how the amplitude of a wave is related to the energy in a wave. - 364F1282-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 4.f Consider limitations of data analysis (e.g., measurement error), and/or seek to improve precision and accuracy of data with better technological tools and methods (e.g., multiple trials). - 02ADA5C4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-LS1.C.3 Within individual organisms, food moves through a series of chemical reactions in which it is broken down and rearranged to form new molecules, to support growth, or to release energy. - abad691d-e0dd-406e-bda1-7aedcb3d1616 PS2.A.1 For any pair of interacting objects, the force exerted by the first object on the second object is equal in strength to the force that the second object exerts on the first, but in the opposite direction (Newton's third law). - 81925F7F-8D71-461E-9577-80477E7D17F0 2.f Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. - 02A4E95C-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 ETS1.C Optimizing the Design Solution - FF8BB90C-C00F-453D-B9DC-EAF348C59CAF MS-ESS2.C.1 Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land. - cde330f7-04c2-4c8d-bd1b-97a810f88cbc PS2.A.4 All positions of objects and the directions of forces and motions must be described in an arbitrarily chosen reference frame and arbitrarily chosen units of size. In order to share information with other people, these choices must also be shared. - 1CE06F24-944A-452A-A930-54984630F585 2.1.3.2 Scientists and engineers rely on human qualities such as persistence, precision, reasoning, logic, imagination and creativity. - f03c150a-05bb-428e-ac13-e23c9ed0c503 5.d Apply mathematical concepts and/or processes (e.g., ratio, rate, percent, basic operations, simple algebra) to scientific and engineering questions and problems. - 02B18CFC-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-PS1-5 Develop and use a model to describe how the total number of atoms does not change in a chemical reaction and thus mass is conserved. - 35165452-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 3.2 Standard units are used to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume. - e07cf504-7439-4f72-9812-e23708b9bed6 PS4.A.1 A simple wave has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude. - B4A61931-97E5-483B-9FF0-08A053F79221 PS1.B Chemical Reactions - 1BCF9128-B6D9-4023-9655-6B0538949041 3 Scale, Proportion, and Quantity - 85FCBAE0-08EE-4213-9AD4-756EDDF40874 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.6.4 Present claims and findings, sequencing ideas logically and using pertinent descriptions, facts, and details to accentuate main ideas or themes; use appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation. - 8034C9D2-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 MS-ESS2.D.1 Weather and climate are influenced by interactions involving sunlight, the ocean, the atmosphere, ice, landforms, and living things. These interactions vary with latitude, altitude, and local and regional geography, all of which can affect oceanic and atmospheric flow patterns. - 5042409f-792b-4387-9aa4-21ec107db974 1.1.3 Scientific Knowledge is Open to Revision in Light of New Evidence - 06dba222-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 PS3.B.1 When the motion energy of an object changes, there is inevitably some other change in energy at the same time. - A8FC16C8-245A-4FC6-8912-E2312201B21B 7.e Evaluate competing design solutions based on jointly developed and agreed-upon design criteria. - 02BAB7A0-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.7.4 Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with pertinent descriptions, facts, details, and examples; use appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation. - 80CC8146-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 7.b Respectfully provide and receive critiques about one’s explanations, procedures, models, and questions by citing relevant evidence and posing and responding to questions that elicit pertinent elaboration and detail. - 02B8FE1A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.d Develop a model to predict and/or describe phenomena. - 9D47DA8A-0C4D-44D6-A247-6ABF0F478A3D MS-ETS1-2 Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. - EE1AB3DC-A645-11E2-8098-4A539DFF4B22 MS-ETS1-4 Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. - EE1B8C08-A645-11E2-8098-4A539DFF4B22 1.1.3.1 Scientific explanations are subject to revision and improvement in light of new evidence. - 2db3c5ce-b83d-4ab1-baf7-06ac5b7233d3 PS2.A.2 The motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it; if the total force on the object is not zero, its motion will change. The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force needed to achieve the same change in motion. For any given object, a larger force causes a larger change in motion. - 3512A27E-959D-4B95-A961-CDA407522578 MS-PS3.B.1 When the motion energy of an object changes, there is inevitably some other change in energy at the same time. - FE7956A3-CC74-4FBD-ACE2-7514BDA88579 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. - 2ABB25A2-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 6 Structure and Function - d79f4647-8eeb-467e-a72d-45ff097e0590 4-PS3-2 Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents. - 9651dfd1-f8a0-4255-a49f-f5b4d379cdbd ETS1.A.1 The more precisely a design task's criteria and constraints can be defined, the more likely it is that the designed solution will be successful. Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that are likely to limit possible solutions. - 246C7B00-3B9B-45C5-9409-987B0C504EA1 7 Engaging in argument from evidence in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to constructing a convincing argument that supports or refutes claims for either explanations or solutions about the natural and designed world(s). - 02B7C572-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.A.1 Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions. - 1F26B254-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 PS1.B Chemical Reactions - F4B65DA9-BC27-40AD-B11B-026A73A9E809 PS2.B Types of Interactions - 2C4C4B6C-A14C-4066-A247-5D6D7B262D91 8.c Gather, read, and synthesize information from multiple appropriate sources and assess the credibility, accuracy, and possible bias of each publication and methods used, and describe how they are supported or not supported by evidence. - 02BD0CC6-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS1.B.1 Substances react chemically in characteristic ways. In a chemical process, the atoms that make up the original substances are regrouped into different molecules, and these new substances have different properties from those of the reactants. - 87793305-9DA0-4CD2-A814-A85E723C21B7 PS3.A Definitions of Energy - A1F5DA1D-38B7-4707-952F-75B28DA9B443 6.2 Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used. - A96E4B8E-2E83-4228-9A5A-C2F9DF36EF5F 2.f Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. - 4FA22517-1D87-47D7-BE7E-2B6C820D52C0 MS-PS1-1 Develop models to describe the atomic composition of simple molecules and extended structures. - 34AF129C-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 1.4 Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data. - 3a6f36f7-29dc-4cc5-8b1e-b5ffd35b923c 5.4 The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system. - 506d3739-e7e1-4aa3-958e-d75b9155d303 MS-PS3.A Definitions of Energy - af0bdaf0-1f81-47f3-a0de-4488f6ee1b79 5.a Use digital tools (e.g., computers) to analyze very large data sets for patterns and trends. - 02AFDF42-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 3.4 Scientific relationships can be represented through the use of algebraic expressions and equations. - f61f8fba-d3f5-489a-aebd-480b1d91f6b0 3.b Conduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence that can meet the goals of the investigation. - C63AB349-4D96-471C-8ABA-3E9EE35C61FC MS-ETS1-1 Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions. - 56B4B414-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 1.a.7 that challenge the premise(s) of an argument or the interpretation of a data set. - 029FFD48-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ESS2.D Weather and Climate - b683850c-0351-4318-a9c4-2da10c46cfd3 MS-ESS2.A.2 The planet’s systems interact over scales that range from microscopic to global in size, and they operate over fractions of a second to billions of years. These interactions have shaped Earth’s history and will determine its future. - db7b9e31-f380-4d36-aa3d-b69e5b070eb0 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 8 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly. - 81111B08-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 PS3.A.5 The term "heat" as used in everyday language refers both to thermal energy (the motion of atoms or molecules within a substance) and the transfer of that thermal energy from one object to another. In science, heat is used only for this second meaning; it refers to the energy transferred due to the temperature difference between two objects. - BFF57345-81B5-4BEE-8CA2-7B67E88BF9CE 5-PS1.A.3 Measurements of a variety of properties can be used to identify materials. (Boundary: At this grade level, mass and weight are not distinguished, and no attempt is made to define the unseen particles or explain the atomic-scale mechanism of evaporation and condensation.) - 97c79c92-5965-487f-be77-22943f59c397 2 Modeling in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to developing, using, and revising models to describe, test, and predict more abstract phenomena and design systems. - 02A13F00-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 ETS1.B.3 There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. - F8D50D80-CB50-4E2D-9711-B82B46DDADE8 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - 0402485B-97D5-459B-911B-BD0E2F3E637A MS-LS1.D Information Processing - 8ecef26c-228c-4582-b09d-19d9cc26a7e9 6.g Undertake a design project, engaging in the design cycle, to construct and/or implement a solution that meets specific design criteria and constraints. - 02B69954-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earth Systems - 9a1e5f86-cf30-4f0e-a878-1fae4f08fa73 PS1.A.1 Substances are made from different types of atoms, which combine with one another in various ways. Atoms form molecules that range in size from two to thousands of atoms. - 0B77DE90-FE23-4981-B522-6F42FC0F99EC MS-LS4.D.3 Changes in biodiversity can influence humans’ resources, such as food, energy, and medicines, as well as ecosystem services that humans rely on—for example, water purification and recycling. - bf51558a-3b7e-4247-afa8-8d2389a544be CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.5 Integrate multimedia and visual displays into presentations to clarify information, strengthen claims and evidence, and add interest. - 811591E2-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 MS-ESS2.C.3 Global movements of water and its changes in form are propelled by sunlight and gravity. - 2cad83f2-1f55-49be-96ee-0c203d2e59d9 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.7 Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration. - 1E8204B2-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 CCSS.Math.Content.7.EE.B.4 Use variables to represent quantities in a real-world or mathematical problem, and construct simple equations and inequalities to solve problems by reasoning about the quantities. - 1EE09E22-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 5 Mathematical and computational thinking in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to identifying patterns in large data sets and using mathematical concepts to support explanations and arguments. - 02AF5FF4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-PS1-2 Analyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred. - 34C6B19A-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 1.1.1.4 Scientific values function as criteria in distinguishing between science and non-science. - 602e4a9f-c0d0-408e-b7b6-b6e5f11ca4a8 5.2 Within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. - 15e0c078-0c6b-4e01-9369-96ae3f452f70 ETS1.C.4 The iterative process of testing the most promising solutions and modifying what is proposed on the basis of the test results leads to greater refinement and ultimately to an optimal solution. - 6F5E0861-856C-471B-9A68-C7A10DFE7455 MS-LS2.A.3 In any ecosystem, organisms and populations with similar requirements for food, water, oxygen, or other resources may compete with each other for limited resources, access to which consequently constrains their growth and reproduction. - c12e309a-1227-44db-906d-e006f3f0f403 ETS1.A Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems - 628E9B87-2D99-4149-B0D3-6DD132D14D38 1.a.1 that arise from careful observation of phenomena, models, or unexpected results, to clarify and/or seek additional information. - 029C524C-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 5 Energy and Matter - 48BB5DED-1989-45D6-9878-A00AB7805DB8 6.2 Structures can be designed to serve particular functions. - C8340403-ACD2-47EC-8C71-03917F0F3F36 PS3.A.2 A system of objects may also contain stored (potential) energy, depending on their relative positions. - 824DE9B2-3CD7-4B77-B903-F0E86B6544A9 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. - 2A93F1E4-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 4.g Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - 02AE2508-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.c Use and/or develop a model of simple systems with uncertain and less predictable factors. - 02A30DA8-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 6 The way an object is shaped or structured determines many of its properties and functions. - 8a322149-26b6-474a-9ef5-7109dc0b0b74 MS-PS2-5 Conduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to provide evidence that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even though the objects are not in contact. - 35B69A70-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 5-PS1-3 Make observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties. - 45c1a233-c06a-4792-b4f0-2298470fa97c CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. - 1E8496FA-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 3.3 Proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) among different types of quantities provide information about the magnitude of properties and processes. - 0A797C9B-DB46-4653-B01D-E2653D1EFC92 PI.5.1 Exchanging information and ideas with others through oral collaborative discussions on a range of social and academic topics - 23B8B8C4-3A33-11E2-B7CD-2BFEBCAA0334 CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.A.3 Use numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities, and to express how many times as much one is than the other. - 1F2B2D84-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 7.c Construct, use, and/or present an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. - 02B99136-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS1.A.7 The changes of state that occur with variations in temperature or pressure can be described and predicted using these models of matter. - A4CC4D4C-6D07-4BD8-B7D3-87B90A776227 MS-PS1-3 Gather and make sense of information to describe that synthetic materials come from natural resources and impact society. - 34E2B840-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas clearly and efficiently. - 2ABF9830-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 CCSS.Math.Content.6.EE.A.2 Write, read, and evaluate expressions in which letters stand for numbers. - 1E629B3A-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 MS-ESS2.A Earth’s Materials and Systems - 8bea5153-99e3-47aa-85e1-0cadc7132754 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.9 Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic. - 2A9D4DF2-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 4 A system is an organized group of related objects or components; models can be used for understanding and predicting the behavior of systems. - 221ce686-8fdc-469b-848c-e933807a1a83 2.1.2.2 Science carefully considers and evaluates anomalies in data and evidence. - 85eec15d-dd60-4524-b397-eb442a435f0a 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - C1B96389-E5AF-49AF-A61B-A779A2E06143 MS-PS3.C Relationship Between Energy and Forces - b5e21c0b-a529-49c0-b231-67ba3e8477b2 2.d Develop and use a model to describe phenomena. - 8A434227-66D2-45E2-A78F-5741C1EDF544 4 Systems and System Models - 79337B22-5001-40DF-85E4-67A9FFC83E3E PS3.B.5 Energy is spontaneously transferred out of hotter regions or objects and into colder ones. - 81C7C153-C33D-443F-8B34-98E9771BF2C0 1 Patterns - 89F1B0E2-B6D7-45B6-A58F-A829FEABAD7E 7.e Evaluate competing design solutions based on jointly developed and agreed-upon design criteria. - AA790CC1-18A8-4F8D-BCD3-A5C944386891 MS-PS3-4 Plan an investigation to determine the relationships among the energy transferred, the type of matter, the mass, and the change in the average kinetic energy of the particles as measured by the temperature of the sample. - 3615C8BA-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 7.1 Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and processes at different scales, including the atomic scale. - F9F404B9-B13B-4505-893A-9BEE064C1B90 MS-LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems - a661abf9-56fa-43b7-997a-a68dd74f8fa8 3.3 Proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) among different types of quantities provide information about the magnitude of properties and processes. - 66f369de-7a09-40b0-bccb-1fafbcc3e82a 7.c Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. - 00600363-6965-4CBA-B365-625793ABB222 PS4.B.4 A wave model of light is useful for explaining brightness, color, and the frequency-dependent bending of light at a surface between media. - B8B468B3-A68E-4292-BF2D-E0FCBC67A783 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 84D51FFF-DBC0-4930-9165-920EE17B6925 1.1.4.2 Science theories are based on a body of evidence developed over time. - 8e2409d6-faf5-41cd-9a22-83fd5aea0b48 CCSS.Math.Content.6.NS.C.5 Understand that positive and negative numbers are used together to describe quantities having opposite directions or values (e.g., temperature above/below zero, elevation above/below sea level, credits/debits, positive/negative electric charge); use positive and negative numbers to represent quantities in real-world contexts, explaining the meaning of 0 in each situation. - 1E46DA08-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 MS-PS1.A.5 In a liquid, the molecules are constantly in contact with others; in a gas, they are widely spaced except when they happen to collide. In a solid, atoms are closely spaced and may vibrate in position but do not change relative locations. - da733245-9b6b-4a6a-92a3-0fbe7501175e MS-ETS1-3 Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. - EE1B2056-A645-11E2-8098-4A539DFF4B22 8 Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information - 07C97CD3-AAB9-4CB7-A6B2-973CD5C952EC 1.1.1.3 Science depends on evaluating proposed explanations. - dbcc38c1-8094-4784-803a-2d0b2c889611 MS-PS2-3 Ask questions about data to determine the factors that affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces. - 3580ECE0-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC CCSS.Math.Practice.MP4 Model with mathematics. - A6446404-6F89-11DF-BAEE-EA329DFF4B22 ETS1.B.3 There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. - D4C3B387-1F18-48EA-B58E-0827E85653B2 2.e Develop and/or use a model to predict and/or describe phenomena. - 02A450AA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-PS2.A Forces and Motion - a3c010f9-4180-4c5b-a229-e40cc34f84a5 ETS1.C.3 Although one design may not perform the best across all tests, identifying the characteristics of the design that performed the best in each test can provide useful information for the redesign process, that is, some of the characteristics may be incorporated into the new design. - 161882B0-0013-4FA5-BD15-67C89909FA93 PS3.C Relationship Between Energy and Forces - 8A126D84-5233-4D46-B69B-A36F8024C598 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - CAD2786D-500E-4B20-9138-B9E66DB9E7DA MS-PS3.D.1 The chemical reaction by which plants produce complex food molecules (sugars) requires an energy input (i.e., from sunlight) to occur. In this reaction, carbon dioxide and water combine to form carbon-based organic molecules and release oxygen. - 2e059ef5-b0cd-4161-805f-3da894146a3c ETS1.B.4 Sometimes parts of different solutions can be combined to create a solution that is better than any of its predecessors. - 4502B5D8-58D0-408F-878D-6E590BF89F2B MS-ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes - 9d3e46c0-8d2a-448b-b2ba-1bb808bc8730 MS-ETS1.C.3 Although one design may not perform the best across all tests, identifying the characteristics of the design that performed the best in each test can provide useful information for the redesign process—that is, some of those characteristics may be incorporated into the new design. - e48063fc-c920-4e23-aae0-6b8d20bc4b14 PS4.C.3 Digitized signals (sent as wave pulses) are a more reliable way to encode and transmit information. - 472FBD6D-0D17-40DE-B99E-D7AC9952F491 MS-PS1.A.7 The changes of state that occur with variations in temperature or pressure can be described and predicted using these models of matter. - b44794aa-21aa-4f87-9867-2b398ffc6227 4-PS3.B.1 Energy is present whenever there are moving objects, sound, light, or heat. When objects collide, energy can be transferred from one object to another, thereby changing their motion. In such collisions, some energy is typically also transferred to the surrounding air; as a result, the air gets heated and sound is produced. - 9b76d9f0-ccde-4717-bf7b-6072d2f07482 MS-ESS3.A Natural Resources - 6f0bc4e7-b2c5-46b7-9956-780150afda29 8.c Gather, read, and synthesize information from multiple appropriate sources and assess the credibility, accuracy, and possible bias of each publication and methods used, and describe how they are supported or not supported by evidence. - C43BCEFC-86E3-4C36-8C86-E68806195B7C MS-PS3-3 Apply scientific principles to design, construct, and test a device that either minimizes or maximizes thermal energy transfer. - 35FDD4F8-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC PS1.A.4 Gases and liquids are made of molecules or inert atoms that are moving about relative to each other. - 614287A9-E5B7-49F6-A4E3-963761E3617E MS-PS1-6 Undertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes. - 3530ECCC-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 6.2 Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used. - B8BC7A97-DB32-4C45-BD0D-5B6863FDA34D CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.6 Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text. - 2A9A7532-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 2.1.1 Science is a Way of Knowing - 06dd313c-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 MS-LS1.C Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - b549a159-590c-4684-b142-dd54f6a612be CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. - 1E6D5CA6-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 3 Planning and Carrying Out Investigations - D51A7C2B-BDC8-49CC-9E03-0AD189E366A2 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.7 Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). - 2A9B637A-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 8.a Critically read scientific texts adapted for classroom use to determine the central ideas and/or obtain scientific and/or technical information to describe patterns in and/or evidence about the natural and designed world(s). - 02BBD0CC-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 43A22C5B-735C-4B56-A795-6352EFB3D376 1 Interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology - 06f24963-6933-42b9-abde-a52a6a650399 MS-ESS2.C.4 Variations in density due to variations in temperature and salinity drive a global pattern of interconnected ocean currents. - 24ed7b31-da01-456b-8a1b-65782f4ab37b 2 Developing and Using Models - A6EF6BA3-645D-461B-A332-6BB3653CDCE3 2 Events have causes, sometimes simple, sometimes multifaceted. Deciphering causal relationships, and the mechanisms by which they are mediated, is a major activity of science and engineering. - e073b4d0-725d-417f-84b1-a80901cb4f38 MS-PS1.A.4 Gases and liquids are made of molecules or inert atoms that are moving about relative to each other. - bd100315-18d6-4f56-8ce5-9c6c840bba0d 5.3 Energy may take different forms (e.g., energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). - 25D50D80-C048-4435-9C4B-F0F75D88A816 ETS1.C.3 Although one design may not perform the best across all tests, identifying the characteristics of the design that performed the best in each test can provide useful information for the redesign process, that is, some of those characteristics may be incorporated into the new design. - 5099B65E-266C-48F6-BCA5-C9D49CD86A2C MS-ETS1.A.1 The more precisely a design task’s criteria and constraints can be defined, the more likely it is that the designed solution will be successful. Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that is likely to limit possible solutions. - dfc47beb-e2e6-4a8e-ba6c-8aa819be0884 MS-ETS1-2 Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. - 56CCC522-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 4.2 Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. - 817ebac0-41f7-4d1d-88c5-42582d77261d CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8 Reading - 0579A542-769C-11DF-90A5-0D639DFF4B22 2 Developing and Using Models - 0EBF5A06-FC4C-4449-B4A7-AB6067915C12 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.10 By the end of grade 8, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 6–8 text complexity band independently and proficiently. - 2A9E45FE-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - 874DF6E2-B969-4477-88E3-8E8452E859CA 2.c Technology use varies over time and from region to region. - cb04a72e-1270-4269-a784-ffb2b8e4f68a 6.1 Complex and microscopic structures and systems can be visualized, modeled, and used to describe how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts; therefore, complex natural and designed structures/systems can be analyzed to determine how they function. - 10b2cf8e-a5e4-4840-85fc-47b780e24865 PS1.B.2 The total number of each type of atom is conserved, and thus the mass does not change. - 36D0E46E-13AA-4CDA-9FA1-072CCFFDB9A6 PS2.B Types of Interactions - CF328B1A-7DD4-45B9-B873-D7AA736C272D MS-ESS2.A.1 All Earth processes are the result of energy flowing and matter cycling within and among the planet’s systems. This energy is derived from the sun and Earth’s hot interior. The energy that flows and matter that cycles produce chemical and physical changes in Earth’s materials and living organisms. - 2ac7ec68-c7ef-47ae-bef4-d3fc685e7b28 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 52075E9D-460B-412D-8247-34DDCDC34FB0 2.2 Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. - A32D78EB-B958-429D-B07B-C79257CAB3B8 6 Structure and Function - CC389D2D-851A-4336-A9DD-F68E954F33E7 PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation - 55A8B86D-94B3-41D7-89B7-0BD10E335FCC MS-PS4-3 Integrate qualitative scientific and technical information to support the claim that digitized signals are a more reliable way to encode and transmit information than analog signals. - 368403AC-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 4 Analyzing data in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to extending quantitative analysis to investigations, distinguishing between correlation and causation, and basic statistical techniques of data and error analysis. - 02AA2458-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1.a.5 that require sufficient and appropriate empirical evidence to answer. - 029EADC6-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 3 Planning and Carrying Out Investigations - 9907D7CD-0839-4FDE-B740-801EF46FE0D6 4.d Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for phenomena. - 7C3E6881-26ED-4537-8204-08D2FA3736DB 5 Tracking energy and matter flows, into, out of, and within systems helps one understand their system’s behavior. - efb9e6e9-1d76-4159-83cd-72d2331803db 5.b Use mathematical representations to describe and/or support scientific conclusions and design solutions. - 8A5D2AD9-77F1-48A1-9081-EACE314BA580 CCSS.Math.Content.6.SP.B.5 Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context, such as by: - 1E9CD886-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.3 Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. - 1E6ECC08-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 1.1.1 Scientific Investigations Use a Variety of Methods - 06d8e5dc-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 1.b Define a design problem that can be solved through the development of an object, tool, process or system and includes multiple criteria and constraints, including scientific knowledge that may limit possible solutions. - C75E79CD-34F1-4A5F-89B4-E832F15B0D66 CCSS.Math.Content.7.RP.A.2.c Represent proportional relationships by equations. - 1EBD422E-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 MS-LS2.B Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - 1e2ee255-00b3-4eea-9ec4-f27545d87336 MS-LS4.D Biodiversity and Humans - ca4fbd3b-7eda-4a54-89ed-28b16ee64e90 4 Systems and System Models - 53783F60-F7B8-40D0-9A67-14C6E105D855 8 Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to evaluating the merit and validity of ideas and methods. - 02BB4558-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ETS1-1 Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions. - EE1A4834-A645-11E2-8098-4A539DFF4B22 1.1.4.3 Laws are regularities or mathematical descriptions of natural phenomena. - 9ef0597d-655f-4cc6-b45c-aca799e26d23 CCSS.Math.Content.7.RP.A.2.d Explain what a point (34𝘹, 34𝘹𝘺) on the graph of a proportional relationship means in terms of the situation, with special attention to the points (0, 0) and (1, 34𝘹𝘺𝘳) where 34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳 is the unit rate. - 1EC08E02-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 PS1.A Structure and Properties of Matter - E80A7041-930D-493B-BE51-D89CCD639A3E CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.7 Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). - 1E7228C6-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.7.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 7 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly. - 80C6C378-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 4.a Construct and interpret graphical displays of data to identify linear and nonlinear relationships. - 2E9D4807-FBD0-4509-9CF4-03A0085A86D2 2 Cause and Effect - 06CDD9BA-11F2-4A13-92A1-2B7FFA87F58C 7.e Evaluate competing design solutions based on jointly developed and agreed-upon design criteria. - E24260C3-8A2C-463D-8A92-D42992BD3622 CCSS.Math.Content.7.RP.A.2.b Identify the constant of proportionality (unit rate) in tables, graphs, equations, diagrams, and verbal descriptions of proportional relationships. - 1EBB74C6-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 PS4.B.1 When light shines on an object, it is reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through the object, depending on the object's material and the frequency (color) of the light. - 0216EF91-9321-4909-8D68-751BF44A5049 5.4 The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system. - 1FC9D0B9-24E9-42FD-8C2A-BD6CD25490C8 MS-LS2.B.1 Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. - 3e09308d-d251-4bf0-bf30-fc5fa0353416 7.a Compare and critique two arguments on the same topic and analyze whether they emphasize similar or different evidence and/or interpretations of facts. - 02B869B4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS1.A.6 Solids may be formed from molecules, or they may be extended structures with repeating subunits (e.g., crystals). - 15CC3DED-E1C1-49B0-888A-A7DF1A72F567 CCSS.Math.Content.6.RP.A.3 Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations. - 1E28AC4A-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 2.b Develop or modify a model—based on evidence – to match what happens if a variable or component of a system is changed. - 02A25DCC-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 5-PS2.B.3 The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center. - 7de1e35e-b30a-4065-b815-89a4ca101586 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - 736A0712-35C4-4397-BBF9-D8580D57B6F6 MS-LS1.D.1 Each sense receptor responds to different inputs (electromagnetic, mechanical, chemical), transmitting them as signals that travel along nerve cells to the brain. The signals are then processed in the brain, resulting in immediate behaviors or memories. - ba128550-d63c-4c0b-a4ee-8912b90ad303 ETS1.B.6 Models of all kinds are important for testing solutions. - 2063E411-8148-41F6-8558-E7D426A6DBF7 PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer - 13CDF725-EFCD-4E25-8741-5585C69730D9 7 For both designed and natural systems, conditions that affect stability and factors that control rates of change are critical elements to consider and understand. - 18aa0213-d643-40ff-ae2e-4b62a4026dac MS-ETS1.A Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem - 17e7eb17-0775-41b8-a682-d48fad8da564 1 Patterns - 3c42692d-2e66-450a-a808-cff9a6b93d97 4-PS3-3 Ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in energy that occur when objects collide. - e04b6ad6-2e3c-4150-9408-a5648b1a8b8e 3.a Plan an investigation individually and collaboratively, and in the design: identify independent and dependent variables and controls, what tools are needed to do the gathering, how measurements will be recorded, and how many data are needed to support a claim. - FCCF8610-38C5-42A4-9C8A-5BA85AF285D5 MS-ESS1.C.1 The geologic time scale interpreted from rock strata provides a way to organize Earth’s history. Analyses of rock strata and the fossil record provide only relative dates, not an absolute scale. - 0118d065-a847-43aa-afd5-e9bc1022c9ba MS-ETS1.A.1 The more precisely a design task’s criteria and constraints can be defined, the more likely it is that the designed solution will be successful. Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that are likely to limit possible solutions. - 6765f3c2-bc0f-4ecf-bd4e-8d8650840854 CCSS.Math.Content.6.SP.B.4 Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot plots, histograms, and box plots. - 1E9B5C72-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 2 Events have causes, sometimes simple, sometimes multifaceted. Deciphering causal relationships, and the mechanisms by which they are mediated, is a major activity of science and engineering. - 6fbbe580-504f-4aa8-a6fb-3423ac6f3353 6.f Apply scientific ideas or principles to design, construct, and/or test a design of an object, tool, process or system. - 02B5E73E-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 4.b Use graphical displays (e.g., maps, charts, graphs, and/or tables) of large data sets to identify temporal and spatial relationships. - 02AB5A94-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS4.B.2 The path that light travels can be traced as straight lines, except at surfaces between different transparent materials (e.g., air and water, air and glass) where the light path bends. - 5D815D69-1D0D-49FA-8A9D-EEF6B8E09DDC 1.a Engineering advances have led to important discoveries in virtually every field of science and scientific discoveries have led to the development of entire industries and engineered systems. - 3944a17c-8cf4-4385-9acc-40bbb259781d CCSS.Math.Content.6.RP.A.1 Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. - 1E20776E-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 1.1 Macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. - adc0d545-65da-4fcb-a38d-aaa7e50405a8 PS1.B Chemical Reactions - 3F048DE2-2685-439C-AF44-CA9022B81A9A 6.h Optimize performance of a design by prioritizing criteria, making tradeoffs, testing, revising, and re-testing. - 02B733FA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - A1B780BD-EE14-488D-9561-7A6F5930A5C6 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. - 2AC438CC-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.6.5 Include multimedia components (e.g., graphics, images, music, sound) and visual displays in presentations to clarify information. - 80354290-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 3.d Collect data to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence to answer scientific questions or test design solutions under a range of conditions. - 02A8D27E-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ETS1.B.3 There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. - c3c1ba26-f82f-495f-a3ee-af6b6768c3f9 PS1.A.3 Each pure substance has characteristic physical and chemical properties (for any bulk quantity under given conditions) that can be used to identify it. - ECDD60F7-B97E-45D3-8C60-C1D70113591E CCSS.Math.Content.6.RP.A.2 Understand the concept of a unit rate 34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢/34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣 associated with a ratio 34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢:34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣 with 34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣 ≠ 0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. - 1E249010-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 7651FA55-01A6-4630-9CFB-C78C78351F46 8 Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information - 687F1AF4-C377-41DC-9FED-36B8BF06B121 7.d Make an oral or written argument that supports or refutes the advertised performance of a device, process, or system based on empirical evidence concerning whether or not the technology meets relevant criteria and constraints. - 02BA2E2A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 5.4 The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system. - ECD10D57-2A4A-404F-8580-0A2051D8F2AB 7 Stability and Change - 4CDCE2A9-6412-4D63-8543-2583D4F61C16 3.2 The observed function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. - eaed9715-881d-4d52-97f4-db05646c8f63 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. - 1E833166-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 4.h Analyze data to define an optimal operational range for a proposed object, tool, process or system that best meets criteria for success. - 02AECDFA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ETS1-3 Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. - 56E49EF4-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 1.b Define a design problem that can be solved through the development of an object, tool, process or system and includes multiple criteria and constraints, including scientific knowledge that may limit possible solutions. - 02A096EA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1.2 Patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships can provide information about natural and human designed systems. - 187e71cc-41ad-4b8c-8cd8-48464426ec8e 7.c Construct and present oral and written arguments supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. - 24B1F3F5-ED3E-4FDF-99C5-C6EFA23ED0AA PS3.A Definitions of Energy - 0721C232-5067-4272-AA71-AA604F6F7BE4 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 85996C55-9C62-4386-A615-898E83903BF9 3 Planning and carrying out investigations in 6-8 builds on K-5 experiences and progresses to include investigations that use multiple variables and provide evidence to support explanations or solutions. - 02A640F4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.d Develop and/or revise a model to show the relationships among variables, including those that are not observable but predict observable phenomena. - 02A3A9DE-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1.a.6 that can be investigated within the scope of the classroom, outdoor environment, and museums and other public facilities with available resources and, when appropriate, frame a hypothesis based on observations and scientific principles. - 029F6036-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 5 Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking - 54A36DEB-26C7-4D90-BDE2-745652DB7EFB 3 Scale, Proportion, and Quantity - 3801E45B-BF6A-43D9-9542-C5192BB5A1D4 1.1.2 Scientific Knowledge is Based on Empirical Evidence - 06d97f24-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 6.e Apply scientific reasoning to show why the data or evidence is adequate for the explanation or conclusion. - 02B55878-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1 Observed patterns in nature guide organization and classification and prompt questions about relationships and causes underlying them. - 9bc8cc70-02b3-4984-8a1f-37c3765806ae MS-PS3.B.4 The amount of energy transfer needed to change the temperature of a matter sample by a given amount depends on the nature of the matter, the size of the sample, and the environment. - 7016AFC7-6D4D-4D15-B80A-741589E55CB8 6.a Construct an explanation that includes qualitative or quantitative relationships between variables that predict(s) and/or describe(s) phenomena. - 02B33796-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 6 Structure and Function - 250191D5-A4E2-43A1-B94D-6ED6E5AE8FCD 6.f Apply scientific ideas or principles to design, construct, and test a design of an object, tool, process or system. - FB4A43F0-2657-4F02-8C66-3FE39AB6EE34 PS3.A.6 Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter present. - 54C36D35-C863-4C8E-826F-1ED65BA38C19 2.b The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. - aaf934e8-d27f-4867-94fa-bef30d74ce6b 6.f Apply scientific ideas or principles to design an object, tool, process or system. - 44AC3C3F-F1AD-40E4-A9C1-0F85FC3D05CF 6.d Apply scientific ideas, principles, and/or evidence to construct, revise and/or use an explanation for real-world phenomena, examples, or events. - 02B4D182-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer - D831277D-C87E-4FA8-8BC3-7473BD6DCE66 4 Systems and System Models - 744C0246-5354-41C6-85BA-084856D7BF07 1.1.4 Science Models, Laws, Mechanisms, and Theories Explain Natural Phenomena - 06dc42b8-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 ETS1.A Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem - 1315F8DA-3CD6-45C2-B772-C1DCAD2E1DFB 3 Scale, Proportion and Quantity - 789de3c9-fef6-4bb2-933f-02c5c189b557 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.1 Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. - 2AA246CC-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 1 Asking Questions and Defining Problems - 6D0C6052-9D64-4F79-AE2E-6427FFFD5E30 2.g Develop and/or use a model to generate data to test ideas about phenomena in natural or designed systems, including those representing inputs and outputs, and those at unobservable scales. - 02A59BE0-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 CCSS.Math.Content.7.RP.A.2.a Decide whether two quantities are in a proportional relationship, e.g., by testing for equivalent ratios in a table or graphing on a coordinate plane and observing whether the graph is a straight line through the origin. - 1EB93512-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 2.1.4.1 Scientific knowledge is constrained by human capacity, technology, and materials. - 02ff9ec9-8df9-448b-8b25-74425f67a1bf 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 688A904B-B302-4A11-9B01-E4121C27F22E 4.2 Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions, such as inputs, processes and outputs, and energy and matter flows within systems. - EAFED5C0-5AE0-4E7A-8715-1E15DCA0C1B0 1.a Ask questions - 029B9E6A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 4-PS3.B.3 Energy can also be transferred from place to place by electric currents, which can then be used locally to produce motion, sound, heat, or light. The currents may have been produced to begin with by transforming the energy of motion into electrical energy. - 84a38bd2-6261-4141-a881-cc0f3ec8d766 5.1 Matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. - f1152e5a-d741-4316-9b2a-e086280a75ca 4.d Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for phenomena. - 02AC7D70-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-PS3.C.1 When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other that can cause energy to be transferred to or from the object. - 559fe2cc-48c6-4ab7-8563-d61b56d1c439 PS3.B.4 The amount of energy transfer needed to change the temperature of a matter sample by a given amount depends on the nature of the matter, the size of the sample, and the environment. - 1223C332-BCAD-4A73-9121-FBCB53FBB7AD 2 Developing and Using Models - EF6437DE-958C-43F9-8A41-4E61FF961A09 CCSS.Math.Content.8.F.A.3 Interpret the equation 34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺 = 34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺𝘮34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺𝘮𝘹 + 34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺𝘮𝘹𝘣 as defining a linear function, whose graph is a straight line; give examples of functions that are not linear. - 1F4AA754-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 7.2 Small changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part. - 646f7bc6-4ab5-48ad-bef9-7a05264dbadd CCSS.Math.Practice.MP6 Attend to precision. - A647016E-6F89-11DF-BAEE-EA329DFF4B22 PS2.B.4 Forces that act at a distance (electric, magnetic, and gravitational) can be explained by fields that extend through space and can be mapped by their effect on a test object (a charged object, or a ball, respectively). - 38227834-5526-4BAC-8F23-1C44FFADF680 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - E3C31F0A-9F4E-426C-AC02-1447DE17B0CD ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 0C364C22-CBF6-4BBE-AAB8-7EEAAB567D72 2 Developing and Using Models - 0491894E-3683-4CC4-AD34-F8F52F2B6884 PS2.A Forces and Motion - E652A61E-6700-4ECE-8B2E-A2BDD3CD2E39 1.3 Patterns can be used to identify cause and effect relationships. - ce7aa44d-23ac-48a3-b840-3fb0e78fd0c7 MS-PS3-2 Develop a model to describe that when the arrangement of objects interacting at a distance changes, different amounts of potential energy are stored in the system. - 35E4FC26-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 4.2 Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions, such as inputs, processes and outputs, and energy and matter flows within systems. - 59753FF2-F87B-4B63-93AB-6111BB13A711 5 Energy and Matter - FAA2DA33-502B-49C4-A9BD-A20A9E96CD41 PS4.A Wave Properties - E6AEAD37-B284-4760-B625-CB2EA50CA060 1 Asking questions and defining problems in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to specifying relationships between variables, and clarifying arguments and models. - 029AF71C-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.a Evaluate limitations of a model for a proposed object or tool. - 02A1DCB2-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-8.7 Integrate visual information (e.g., in charts, graphs, photographs, videos, or maps) with other information in print and digital texts. - 2A5BFD0C-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 744F5D93-AF6A-49AA-A614-43BC1F9159E0 MS-PS3-5 Construct, use, and present arguments to support the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object. - 362FDF34-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 2 Cause and Effect - 502C9EE8-A108-4968-B41C-8E539DA9CB11 PS4.A Wave Properties - 018105C8-471A-40D4-A301-7EEFFABE68AA MS-PS3.B.5 Energy is spontaneously transferred out of hotter regions or objects and into colder ones. - B480DFF1-9E83-4DF0-9CC7-87DB4C552593 ETS1.B.2 A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results in order to improve it. There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet criteria and constraints of a problem. - 0E14AFC2-27EE-4EB6-A570-96310B96A38C CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.8 Distinguish among facts, reasoned judgment based on research findings, and speculation in a text. - 2A9C5DE8-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 PS3.A.1 Motion energy is properly called kinetic energy; it is proportional to the mass of the moving object and grows with the square of its speed. - EAA553A8-93F9-450A-A304-30BB04C11971 4.g Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - 58DA654B-F170-4E98-89AD-C8066F094301 PS1.B Chemical Reactions - D1118FC5-7E90-4C14-A2E4-7A1A362C2E26 5 Energy and Matter - 935BF1ED-2954-4E93-A1CE-FE8FCEFC27D1 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 949154CF-4737-4B70-B6A4-0EC1F4234764 2.1.2 Scientific Knowledge Assumes an Order and Consistency in Natural Systems - 06dd6e04-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.3 Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. - 2A94E9D2-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 5.3 Energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects. - e519b734-21ef-4c3d-a49c-5e47f375b593 1 Patterns - 8301A320-AAAE-4D97-8AFF-F7D1F7199A05 MS-PS3.D Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life - dde6730c-8bad-4c55-bdc0-fb948af508ca 4.a Construct, analyze, and/or interpret graphical displays of data and/or large data sets to identify linear and nonlinear relationships. - 02AAC3E0-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS1.B.1 Substances react chemically in characteristic ways. In a chemical process, the atoms that make up the original substances are regrouped into different molecules, and these new substances have different properties from those of the reactants. - 87471686-58FD-4D05-B262-97E0DC781BCD MS-ETS1.B.6 Models of all kinds are important for testing solutions. - 61fad8b8-8737-416d-a55d-b793ef8e0321 MS-ETS1-4 Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. - 56FCAF3A-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 5.b Use mathematical representations to describe and/or support scientific conclusions and design solutions. - 02B06F16-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics. - 2A97236E-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 PS2.B.2 Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass, e.g., Earth and the sun. - 6ABA5E9E-8F04-49F1-8509-F81C42A0AB3D 8.e Communicate scientific and/or technical information (e.g. about a proposed object, tool, process, system) in writing and/or through oral presentations. - 02BE3C4A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2 Cause and Effect - 123894e2-9e65-4966-afc5-456f92a7d1d7 MS-PS4-2 Develop and use a model to describe that waves are reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through various materials. - 36698D38-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC MS-PS2-1 Apply Newton's Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects. - 354DDFF8-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC ETS1.A.1 The more precisely a design task's criteria and constraints can be defined, the more likely it is that the designed solution will be successful. Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that is likely to limit possible solutions. - 853B6CD1-8351-4006-AEA0-09500A34E296 4.2 Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions. - 9A06913E-92D4-4F54-9201-0C48217BEA82 6 Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to include constructing explanations and designing solutions supported by multiple sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories. - 02B2B1E0-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.3 (See note; not applicable as a separate requirement) - 2ABA33C2-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 1.1 Macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. - 885BEA9D-F723-4A6E-A61F-9E2F15C3EADA MS-ESS1.B.1 The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them. - 4f29b085-0f13-4d45-84e9-ec8090b6e0ad PS1.A Structure and Properties of Matter - 88379F5B-B0B4-4016-945E-0B7810C9CDEB PS3.A Definitions of Energy - E8E41878-A10D-4095-9D2A-B64456E47AA3 2 Developing and Using Models - 27C5202A-8A85-4EE0-845D-1FD4ABC0F440 MS-ESS3.A.1 Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, fresh water, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. These resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes. - 454d77f7-0327-4f9c-9879-5b97614dd23e 7 Stability and Change - 64F69D1B-7755-43E5-B71F-F39F1F6EBAFA 4-PS3.B.2 Light also transfers energy from place to place. - 15b469d0-f58c-436d-8b60-cdd941d4e4b8 2 Developing and Using Models - 1166B2B1-050C-4E79-9983-C2F5ED2C3D66 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.4 Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with relevant evidence, sound valid reasoning, and well-chosen details; use appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation. - 81151938-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 1.1.3.2 The certainty and durability of science findings varies. - 5e79eb54-71bb-4a47-be1a-a197379345d4 PS3.C.1 When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other that can cause energy to be transferred to or from the object. - B8F07850-9612-47AF-9A4E-80C26C4F628B 3.a Plan an investigation individually and collaboratively, and in the design: identify independent and dependent variables and controls, what tools are needed to do the gathering, how measurements will be recorded, and how many data are needed to support a claim. - FC61FB13-A61E-455E-933C-487F6A8104A7 3.a Plan an investigation individually and collaboratively, and in the design: identify independent and dependent variables and controls, what tools are needed to do the gathering, how measurements will be recorded, and how many data are needed to support a claim. - 02A6EDE2-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.7.6 Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. - 80CE6ECA-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 1.a Ask questions that can be investigated within the scope of the classroom, outdoor environment, and museums and other public facilities with available resources and, when appropriate, frame a hypothesis based on observations and scientific principles. - 2F130D57-58B3-48E1-A827-BEB05032E7EF 3.e Collect data about the performance of a proposed object, tool, process or system under a range of conditions. - 02A98F3E-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer - B3C75EFE-1977-4CAB-AD9C-EA5B8F849DC1 4.a Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - FC1248E3-05C5-496E-8E91-975DF8C9A0E3 1 Asking Questions and Defining Problems - 8443EA7A-6EDE-4874-AE69-157C26988EC4 1.1.1.1 Science investigations use a variety of methods and tools to make measurements and observations. - 03197eaf-f890-401c-a558-0962bceceb73 MS-ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth - 032dea4f-42fe-40b6-adf3-8f324632f272 MS-PS3.D.3 Cellular respiration in plants and animals involve chemical reactions with oxygen that release stored energy. In these processes, complex molecules containing carbon react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and other materials. - bcb5718b-2f4c-44e3-9884-4780297546eb CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.7 Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration. - 2AC0C58E-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 PS3.A.7 The temperature of a system is proportional to the average internal kinetic energy and potential energy per atom or molecule (whichever is the appropriate building block for the system's material). The details of that relationship depend on the type of atom or molecule and the interactions among the atoms in the material. Temperature is not a direct measure of a system's total thermal energy. The total thermal energy (sometimes called the total internal energy) of a system depends jointly on the temperature, the total number of atoms in the system, and the state of the material. - 6E60D4B6-E3F2-4D13-ABCE-755B1DF8816E 1.1.2.1 Science knowledge is based upon logical and conceptual connections between evidence and explanations. - 0fab83f8-b2b8-4dd5-9850-8bd0d759b13d CCSS.Math.Content.7.RP.A.2 Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities. - 1EB72628-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 5 Energy and Matter - A44327AB-0FDF-4807-B8D8-D032D8544CDB MS-ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - d996740d-037d-4c0c-8ad9-972c693f14ac ETS1.B.3 There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. - 94EA3A19-2F1B-4C3E-911A-B0E323D4F330 MS-PS1.A Structure and Properties of Matter - 884cc3ce-eeb2-4340-9e28-11d110740d2a 6 Structure and Function - 32888EA0-1828-439A-8069-97DBD092D9D4 2.1.3 Science is a Human Endeavor - 06dda72a-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. - 2AAD5684-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.5 With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed. - 2ABD2406-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 PS3.A.6 Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter. 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These sugars can be used immediately or stored for growth or later use. - a8cae56c-bee5-4efd-a04a-93a7a8b6a406 6.2 Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used. - c85131af-a0a1-4f74-b989-3989c6470fba 1.b Science and technology drive each other forward. - 2628db65-8991-4393-805f-673b632e7c15 PS1.A.5 In a liquid, the molecules are constantly in contact with others; in a gas, they are widely spaced except when they happen to collide. In a solid, atoms are closely spaced and may vibrate in position but do not change relative locations. - F1175B13-8153-4EA1-A1AA-E63C1774A58D 6.g Undertake a design project, engaging in the design cycle, to construct and/or implement a solution that meets specific design criteria and constraints. - 87357F33-81C6-43F0-B2EC-B6C168BD2F95 7.c Construct, use, and present oral and written arguments supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon. - 60F20780-FEC2-4406-ABF7-D12373CC0B46 3.3 Proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) among different types of quantities provide information about the magnitude of properties and processes. - 13883A58-CE58-4C0A-9306-1239645C0030 2.2 Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. - D51729FA-89A1-4303-BE10-8BEF904530E4 MS-ETS1.C Optimizing the Design Solution - 93c67c32-a22e-44be-8320-a3b35f09734d CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.A.2 Use square root and cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form 34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺𝘮𝘹𝘣𝘹² = 34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺𝘮𝘹𝘣𝘹𝘱 and 34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺𝘮𝘹𝘣𝘹𝘱𝘹³ = 34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺𝘮𝘹𝘣𝘹𝘱𝘹𝘱, where 34𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺𝘮𝘹𝘣𝘹𝘱𝘹𝘱𝘱 is a positive rational number. Evaluate square roots of small perfect squares and cube roots of small perfect cubes. 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