Organization: McGraw-Hill Product Name: Nat. Inspire Science Grade 7 2020 Product Version: 1.2 Source: IMS Online Validator Profile: 1.2.0 Identifier: cc_v1p2 Timestamp: Friday, June 26, 2020 02:55 PM EDT Status: VALID! Conformant: true ----- VALID! ----- Resource Validation Results The document is valid. ----- VALID! ----- Schema Location Results Schema locations are valid. ----- VALID! ----- Schema Validation Results The document is valid. ----- VALID! ----- Schematron Validation Results The document is valid. Curriculum Standards: 2.1.4 Science Addresses Questions About the Natural and Material World. - 06de7cd6-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - 32E1FAD4-3706-4528-B69C-63AD0F8400BD MS-PS3.B.5 Energy is spontaneously transferred out of hotter regions or objects and into colder ones. - 8e49fcf9-0a72-431d-80c3-d9976cdc83cf 2 Influence of Engineering, Technology, and Science on Society and the Natural World - d214acff-902d-4dec-a5d6-c65f28aaf48d MS-LS2.C.1 Ecosystems are dynamic in nature; their characteristics can vary over time. Disruptions to any physical or biological component of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all its populations. - C8D22568-5C00-4CF3-BE35-B3DB848CB661 LS1.C.1 Plants, algae (including phytoplankton), and many microorganisms use the energy from light to make sugars (food) from carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water through the process of photosynthesis, which also releases oxygen. These sugars can be used immediately or stored for growth or later use. - 928BC639-8360-48FD-8C5E-7BDA2F6B12F9 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.7.5 Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasize salient points. - 80CD715A-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 PS1.A Structure and Properties of Matter - 3E8A56AA-BC78-4B81-B821-1CEAD89E20C2 CCSS.Math.Content.7.EE.B.3 Solve multi-step real-life and mathematical problems posed with positive and negative rational numbers in any form (whole numbers, fractions, and decimals), using tools strategically. Apply properties of operations to calculate with numbers in any form; convert between forms as appropriate; and assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies. - 1EDE4C8A-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.5.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 5 topics and texts, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly. - 1CB5E450-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 8.b Integrate qualitative and/or quantitative scientific and/or technical information in written text with that contained in media and visual displays to clarify claims and findings. - 02BC66F4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2 Cause and Effect - A11C6E64-BE9E-4967-A401-A04412FE6823 ETS1.B.1 A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results, in order to improve it. - 56B61FC8-918A-4488-BF07-313461413EBD 2.g Develop a model to generate data to test ideas about designed systems, including those representing inputs and outputs. - 01186F83-6025-48F3-A877-FFAC0A8B4FBC CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. - 2AC660FC-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 ESS3.A Natural Resources - 68D23459-0CDD-4FEB-9384-2C990B46C698 7 Stability and Change - 7766913c-e46a-42d4-a3c7-94bcefba4151 LS2.A.1 Organisms, and populations of organisms, are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors. - 27AB20EE-8AA9-4F79-9257-1D27A19ECCA6 5.3 Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). - ade22f72-777a-49ab-ac4b-44b1f4bb0a9c 3.1 Time, space, and energy phenomena can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. - 0DFB6ABE-7901-4C09-AC7E-5A2847EF44D3 MS-LS4.A.2 The collection of fossils and their placement in chronological order (e.g., through the location of the sedimentary layers in which they are found or through radioactive dating) is known as the fossil record. It documents the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of many life forms throughout the history of life on Earth. - 3c97baa0-2cd7-43c8-b434-1785ea124f47 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.1 Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. - 1E762D36-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 MS-PS1.B.1 Substances react chemically in characteristic ways. In a chemical process, the atoms that make up the original substances are regrouped into different molecules, and these new substances have different properties from those of the reactants. - 4dea3cdf-3518-42a5-b28c-3946cf3a222d 5-LS2.A.1 The food of almost any kind of animal can be traced back to plants. Organisms are related in food webs in which some animals eat plants for food and other animals eat the animals that eat plants. Some organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, break down dead organisms (both plants or plants parts and animals) and therefore operate as “decomposers.” Decomposition eventually restores (recycles) some materials back to the soil. Organisms can survive only in environments in which their particular needs are met. A healthy ecosystem is one in which multiple species of different types are each able to meet their needs in a relatively stable web of life. Newly introduced species can damage the balance of an ecosystem. - 7456b6ac-1997-4cf5-b091-1eecb32d4be9 4-ESS3.A.1 Energy and fuels that humans use are derived from natural sources, and their use affects the environment in multiple ways. Some resources are renewable over time, and others are not. - bd6f296f-b7ec-4eba-a83f-d8b0bb9baee5 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - F474380C-79CD-4B62-B433-3A5C116CC051 4.g Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - 79CC8698-97EC-4100-AFBB-D0FA15148B69 2.1.3.4 Advances in technology influence the progress of science and science has influenced advances in technology. - a415da73-dfcf-4dc4-b874-ce5bc6681826 6.c Construct a scientific explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from sources (including the students’ own experiments) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future. - 02B4478A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 3 Scale, Proportion, and Quantity - BCF7A490-7166-4B4B-8CB6-ACE84CDB11D1 MS-ETS1.B.1 A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results, in order to improve it. - 3a348daa-dee3-4a23-980b-080fdfb7f491 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.8 Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation. - 2AC1FD0A-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 2.1.3.3 Scientists and engineers are guided by habits of mind such as intellectual honesty, tolerance of ambiguity, skepticism and openness to new ideas. - dd2bcc7c-c619-4aaa-bf67-5bf771c5d501 5 Energy and Matter - 59d13813-bfc9-41f4-af7e-e5af0b02aec7 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - 3DD27018-623F-4794-9D1E-05720AB40574 MS-ESS3.C.1 Human activities have significantly altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging or destroying natural habitats and causing the extinction of other species. But changes to Earth’s environments can have different impacts (negative and positive) for different living things. - cdc865b2-7d1a-4260-826d-512e632120ad PS1.A.3 Each pure substance has characteristic physical and chemical properties (for any bulk quantity under given conditions) that can be used to identify it. - 9949FEF3-1F44-4141-AA0A-3170137173B1 MS-LS1.A Structure and Function - f994429d-2caa-45a3-a4e5-ce878485bd99 ESS2.B Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions - D751FF0A-DE28-4A6E-9015-3F98DB1F254B 1.3 Patterns can be used to identify cause and effect relationships. - ED7F4C20-443B-4478-B417-D5D78FD702F1 2.1.1.2 Science knowledge is cumulative and many people, from many generations and nations, have contributed to science knowledge. - ba0a97e0-7536-4e4d-8ebf-122c92fd2985 LS2.A.3 In any ecosystem, organisms and populations with similar requirements for food, water, oxygen, or other resources may compete with each other for limited resources, access to which consequently constrains their growth and reproduction. - 9E06B9EE-7EF7-4D13-B229-046305324D0C 6.a Construct an explanation that includes qualitative or quantitative relationships between variables that predict phenomena. - 58317BA6-E635-47B6-9E1F-7BB33ABE3BF5 4 Systems and System Models - 93cb1128-87e2-4a54-9f3e-4033a4d0bd2c PS1.A Structure and Properties of Matter - DFC8140F-7ED5-4458-A5D9-5670EB112B02 5.1 Matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. - 61424FFA-2B29-41E0-9979-D13129D8B12F PS1.B.3 Some chemical reactions release energy, others store energy. - C7BCB644-1025-4EB7-9712-5FE1BFF6EB19 2.1.3.1 Men and women from different social, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds work as scientists and engineers. - 098d077d-0928-40fb-93e4-a38f66d4ffe5 2.d Develop a model to predict and/or describe phenomena. - ADA85428-CFFA-4F16-B89E-F56BCB1426E2 7.c Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. - FC0E36FC-B4FB-49B3-8D81-1C886C971ACB 5-PS1.A.1 Matter of any type can be subdivided into particles that are too small to see, but even then the matter still exists and can be detected by other means. A model showing that gases are made from matter particles that are too small to see and are moving freely around in space can explain many observations, including the inflation and shape of a balloon and the effects of air on larger particles or objects. - 1e7964f3-27bb-44b4-8470-64c60d9c2882 1.2 Patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships can provide information about natural systems. - A2DA3039-B86F-40EA-8641-3EF3FE8B5A81 4-ESS2.B.1 The locations of mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, ocean floor structures, earthquakes, and volcanoes occur in patterns. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in bands that are often along the boundaries between continents and oceans. Major mountain chains form inside continents or near their edges. Maps can help locate the different land and water features areas of Earth. - 70ecb1f8-90e2-4c4c-a419-4ee6ba464212 2.a All human activity draws on natural resources and has both short and long-term consequences, positive as well as negative, for the health of people and the natural environment. - 587dccbe-3fd1-4426-b8b5-dc6087dfea8a 2.f Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. - D33641D7-E98C-4374-92A6-2FC2FE076CB0 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - B3076F8E-9FEC-4F00-85BF-72453BD70AAE 3.a Plan and conduct an investigation collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence, using fair tests in which variables are controlled and the number of trials considered. - 028752F2-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 LS1.C Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - 2FB1B3FB-80EC-497C-9BB3-10B866A9AC2E PI.5.6 Reading closely literary and informational texts and viewing multimedia to determine how meaning is conveyed explicitly and implicitly through language - 23DA2C52-3A33-11E2-B7CD-2BFEBCAA0334 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 0066B65E-B1F2-4D08-9E1C-4ED181A94069 MS-LS1.A.3 Within cells, special structures are responsible for particular functions, and the cell membrane forms the boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell. - 522c9a0d-213d-4d5e-b777-c3fe25bcd9cf 1.a.4 to clarify and/or refine a model, an explanation, or an engineering problem. - 029E1E1A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 3.1 Time, space, and energy phenomena can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. - 7CA73382-92D9-4845-A740-C44D12C1F0B0 4.f Consider limitations of data analysis (e.g., measurement error), and/or seek to improve precision and accuracy of data with better technological tools and methods (e.g., multiple trials). - 02ADA5C4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-LS1.C.3 Within individual organisms, food moves through a series of chemical reactions in which it is broken down and rearranged to form new molecules, to support growth, or to release energy. - abad691d-e0dd-406e-bda1-7aedcb3d1616 LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems - E8AAAACF-9DB5-44B3-ABB2-7AD670B91A97 2.f Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. - 02A4E95C-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 ETS1.C Optimizing the Design Solution - FF8BB90C-C00F-453D-B9DC-EAF348C59CAF 5.2 Within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. - 9D38A42B-E826-49D4-8812-F663D22D2DAC MS-PS1.B Chemical Reactions - e814d924-f0ba-4c78-acab-e4bbbc8f7394 MS-ESS2.C.1 Water continually cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere via transpiration, evaporation, condensation and crystallization, and precipitation, as well as downhill flows on land. - cde330f7-04c2-4c8d-bd1b-97a810f88cbc 4-ESS3-1 Obtain and combine information to describe that energy and fuels are derived from natural resources and their uses affect the environment. - 7ea90a5d-772b-4dfc-821f-63596c4b5fb7 6.SP.5.d Relating the choice of measures of center and variability to the shape of the data distribution and the context in which the data were gathered. - C563796C-96FF-11E0-9509-C03D9DFF4B22 2.1.3.2 Scientists and engineers rely on human qualities such as persistence, precision, reasoning, logic, imagination and creativity. - f03c150a-05bb-428e-ac13-e23c9ed0c503 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. - 1E38C676-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 6.c Construct a scientific explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from sources (including the students' own experiments) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future. - BCC4352D-9714-4ACD-86DE-0CD02368BC7C 5.d Apply mathematical concepts and/or processes (e.g., ratio, rate, percent, basic operations, simple algebra) to scientific and engineering questions and problems. - 02B18CFC-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-PS1-5 Develop and use a model to describe how the total number of atoms does not change in a chemical reaction and thus mass is conserved. - 35165452-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 3.2 Standard units are used to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight, time, temperature, and volume. - e07cf504-7439-4f72-9812-e23708b9bed6 PS1.B Chemical Reactions - 1BCF9128-B6D9-4023-9655-6B0538949041 MS-PS1.B.3 Some chemical reactions release energy, others store energy. - 1d8c23a1-9479-44e2-ad79-69e18b033a46 MS-LS2-1 Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for the effects of resource availability on organisms and populations of organisms in an ecosystem. - 3D7BA878-6383-11E8-86F4-E20A82BA7E87 1.1.3 Scientific Knowledge is Open to Revision in Light of New Evidence - 06dba222-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 7.e Evaluate competing design solutions based on jointly developed and agreed-upon design criteria. - 02BAB7A0-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 6.c Construct a scientific explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from sources (including the students' own experiments) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe nature operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future. - 15D6D1AF-7FB8-4DC6-AE5D-DBF474217F73 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.7.4 Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with pertinent descriptions, facts, details, and examples; use appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation. - 80CC8146-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 7.b Respectfully provide and receive critiques about one’s explanations, procedures, models, and questions by citing relevant evidence and posing and responding to questions that elicit pertinent elaboration and detail. - 02B8FE1A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 LS4.D Biodiversity and Humans - 44945C6B-DE7D-411F-B0D8-03C850CB9152 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - 4D1110FF-3340-419B-B699-D23904C82487 2.d Develop a model to predict and/or describe phenomena. - 9D47DA8A-0C4D-44D6-A247-6ABF0F478A3D MS-ETS1-2 Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. - EE1AB3DC-A645-11E2-8098-4A539DFF4B22 1.1.3.1 Scientific explanations are subject to revision and improvement in light of new evidence. - 2db3c5ce-b83d-4ab1-baf7-06ac5b7233d3 MS-ETS1-4 Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. - EE1B8C08-A645-11E2-8098-4A539DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. - 2ABB25A2-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 6 Structure and Function - d79f4647-8eeb-467e-a72d-45ff097e0590 ESS2.B Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions - 85A0F3F3-F2D8-4696-8333-D535C52F9B10 ETS1.A.1 The more precisely a design task's criteria and constraints can be defined, the more likely it is that the designed solution will be successful. Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that are likely to limit possible solutions. - 246C7B00-3B9B-45C5-9409-987B0C504EA1 ESS3.B.2 Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events. - 8A73BCD1-79E4-45B2-B85D-6BFAA063C846 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 912AB990-2C52-4873-9403-1978DBCECDC5 7 Engaging in argument from evidence in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to constructing a convincing argument that supports or refutes claims for either explanations or solutions about the natural and designed world(s). - 02B7C572-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS1.B Chemical Reactions - F4B65DA9-BC27-40AD-B11B-026A73A9E809 ESS2.A Earth's Materials and Systems - 03455C2B-2F69-459C-B41A-E10F997BDD39 8.c Gather, read, and synthesize information from multiple appropriate sources and assess the credibility, accuracy, and possible bias of each publication and methods used, and describe how they are supported or not supported by evidence. - 02BD0CC6-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS1.B.1 Substances react chemically in characteristic ways. In a chemical process, the atoms that make up the original substances are regrouped into different molecules, and these new substances have different properties from those of the reactants. - 87793305-9DA0-4CD2-A814-A85E723C21B7 2.3 Phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability. - bab080ef-df8b-448f-aa8a-ea61ccc1d498 6.2 Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used. - A96E4B8E-2E83-4228-9A5A-C2F9DF36EF5F 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 14AD1C27-FF30-4A55-AAA7-8F34C5642099 MS-PS4.A.1 A simple wave has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude. - 7e9de181-437c-4b3b-9fd5-b888325f53a3 MS-PS1-1 Develop models to describe the atomic composition of simple molecules and extended structures. - 34AF129C-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 5.1 Matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. - 9B60B1E4-323E-412B-ABB8-FEBAB1B6EBFB 1.4 Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data. - 3a6f36f7-29dc-4cc5-8b1e-b5ffd35b923c MS-PS3.A Definitions of Energy - af0bdaf0-1f81-47f3-a0de-4488f6ee1b79 5.4 The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system. - 506d3739-e7e1-4aa3-958e-d75b9155d303 PS3.D.3 Cellular respiration in plants and animals involve chemical reactions with oxygen that release stored energy. In these processes, complex molecules containing carbon react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and other materials. - 9AEA09E5-E5E5-4899-AC6D-C0B23BDEF2F5 3.4 Scientific relationships can be represented through the use of algebraic expressions and equations. - f61f8fba-d3f5-489a-aebd-480b1d91f6b0 MS-ETS1-1 Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions. - 56B4B414-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC MS-ESS3.C.2 Typically as human populations and per-capita consumption of natural resources increase, so do the negative impacts on Earth unless the activities and technologies involved are engineered otherwise. - 06fe3c31-78cd-4162-84ac-66fbdc06d1e4 1.1.2.2 Science disciplines share common rules of obtaining and evaluating empirical evidence. - bddec8f2-e07c-4ec4-8173-cde8381f7af6 MS-ESS2.A.2 The planet’s systems interact over scales that range from microscopic to global in size, and they operate over fractions of a second to billions of years. These interactions have shaped Earth’s history and will determine its future. - db7b9e31-f380-4d36-aa3d-b69e5b070eb0 PS3.A.5 The term "heat" as used in everyday language refers both to thermal energy (the motion of atoms or molecules within a substance) and the transfer of that thermal energy from one object to another. In science, heat is used only for this second meaning; it refers to the energy transferred due to the temperature difference between two objects. - BFF57345-81B5-4BEE-8CA2-7B67E88BF9CE CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 8 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly. - 81111B08-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 5-PS1.A.3 Measurements of a variety of properties can be used to identify materials. (Boundary: At this grade level, mass and weight are not distinguished, and no attempt is made to define the unseen particles or explain the atomic-scale mechanism of evaporation and condensation.) - 97c79c92-5965-487f-be77-22943f59c397 ETS1.B.3 There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. - F8D50D80-CB50-4E2D-9711-B82B46DDADE8 2 Modeling in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to developing, using, and revising models to describe, test, and predict more abstract phenomena and design systems. - 02A13F00-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - 0402485B-97D5-459B-911B-BD0E2F3E637A MS-ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earth Systems - 9a1e5f86-cf30-4f0e-a878-1fae4f08fa73 6.g Undertake a design project, engaging in the design cycle, to construct and/or implement a solution that meets specific design criteria and constraints. - 02B69954-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS1.A.1 Substances are made from different types of atoms, which combine with one another in various ways. Atoms form molecules that range in size from two to thousands of atoms. - 0B77DE90-FE23-4981-B522-6F42FC0F99EC MS-LS4.D.3 Changes in biodiversity can influence humans’ resources, such as food, energy, and medicines, as well as ecosystem services that humans rely on—for example, water purification and recycling. - bf51558a-3b7e-4247-afa8-8d2389a544be CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.5 Integrate multimedia and visual displays into presentations to clarify information, strengthen claims and evidence, and add interest. - 811591E2-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 CCSS.Math.Content.7.EE.B.4 Use variables to represent quantities in a real-world or mathematical problem, and construct simple equations and inequalities to solve problems by reasoning about the quantities. - 1EE09E22-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 5 Mathematical and computational thinking in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to identifying patterns in large data sets and using mathematical concepts to support explanations and arguments. - 02AF5FF4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-PS1-2 Analyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred. - 34C6B19A-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 1.1.1.4 Scientific values function as criteria in distinguishing between science and non-science. - 602e4a9f-c0d0-408e-b7b6-b6e5f11ca4a8 5.2 Within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. - 15e0c078-0c6b-4e01-9369-96ae3f452f70 ETS1.C.4 The iterative process of testing the most promising solutions and modifying what is proposed on the basis of the test results leads to greater refinement and ultimately to an optimal solution. - 6F5E0861-856C-471B-9A68-C7A10DFE7455 MS-LS2.A.3 In any ecosystem, organisms and populations with similar requirements for food, water, oxygen, or other resources may compete with each other for limited resources, access to which consequently constrains their growth and reproduction. - c12e309a-1227-44db-906d-e006f3f0f403 ETS1.A Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems - 628E9B87-2D99-4149-B0D3-6DD132D14D38 1.a.1 that arise from careful observation of phenomena, models, or unexpected results, to clarify and/or seek additional information. - 029C524C-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 5 Energy and Matter - FF615926-5B2A-423E-8EE1-571B150E6529 6.SP.5.b Describing the nature of the attribute under investigation, including how it was measured and its units of measurement. - C56298DA-96FF-11E0-9509-C03D9DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. - 2A93F1E4-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 4.g Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - 02AE2508-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.c Use and/or develop a model of simple systems with uncertain and less predictable factors. - 02A30DA8-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 6 The way an object is shaped or structured determines many of its properties and functions. - 8a322149-26b6-474a-9ef5-7109dc0b0b74 5-PS1-3 Make observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties. - 45c1a233-c06a-4792-b4f0-2298470fa97c PI.5.1 Exchanging information and ideas with others through oral collaborative discussions on a range of social and academic topics - 23B8B8C4-3A33-11E2-B7CD-2BFEBCAA0334 CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.A.3 Use numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities, and to express how many times as much one is than the other. - 1F2B2D84-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 PS1.A.7 The changes of state that occur with variations in temperature or pressure can be described and predicted using these models of matter. - A4CC4D4C-6D07-4BD8-B7D3-87B90A776227 7.c Construct, use, and/or present an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. - 02B99136-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-PS1-3 Gather and make sense of information to describe that synthetic materials come from natural resources and impact society. - 34E2B840-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas clearly and efficiently. - 2ABF9830-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 MS-ESS2.A Earth’s Materials and Systems - 8bea5153-99e3-47aa-85e1-0cadc7132754 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.9 Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic. - 2A9D4DF2-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 4 A system is an organized group of related objects or components; models can be used for understanding and predicting the behavior of systems. - 221ce686-8fdc-469b-848c-e933807a1a83 2 Developing and Using Models - C9AF839F-CFA6-4CE3-B9DD-26A3789D00F1 2.1.2.2 Science carefully considers and evaluates anomalies in data and evidence. - 85eec15d-dd60-4524-b397-eb442a435f0a 2.2 Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. - 3CC6A25F-76F5-4CC1-8F76-EDB70E1BCD9C 2.1.2.1 Science assumes that objects and events in natural systems occur in consistent patterns that are understandable through measurement and observation. - 84d37718-dfe8-4953-8450-b518bc455a51 LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - 7994155E-50A8-4A34-91EB-32197F830432 ESS3.B Natural Hazards - D17CFFC3-01B2-40B9-ACC9-EF2782115CED MS-ESS2.A.2 The planet's systems interact over scales that range from microscopic to global in size, and they operate over fractions of a second to billions of years. These interactions have shaped Earth's history and will determine its future. - 1C261C4C-FB8D-4410-B803-6CDC10063970 6.a Construct an explanation that includes qualitative or quantitative relationships between variables that predict phenomena. - 92819C84-880C-43E2-96A4-E4B797062767 1 Patterns - 89F1B0E2-B6D7-45B6-A58F-A829FEABAD7E 7.e Evaluate competing design solutions based on jointly developed and agreed-upon design criteria. - AA790CC1-18A8-4F8D-BCD3-A5C944386891 ESS3.A Natural Resources - B393574E-2202-4837-9C22-929EE4564B33 7.1 Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and processes at different scales, including the atomic scale. - F9F404B9-B13B-4505-893A-9BEE064C1B90 MS-LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems - a661abf9-56fa-43b7-997a-a68dd74f8fa8 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments, or technical processes. - 1E2F6FF4-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 3.3 Proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) among different types of quantities provide information about the magnitude of properties and processes. - 66f369de-7a09-40b0-bccb-1fafbcc3e82a ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 84D51FFF-DBC0-4930-9165-920EE17B6925 7.4 Systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms. - 453e7e07-7c32-4a86-a3c3-0b8714e36e70 5-ESS2.A.1 Earth’s major systems are the geosphere (solid and molten rock, soil, and sediments), the hydrosphere (water and ice), the atmosphere (air), and the biosphere (living things, including humans). These systems interact in multiple ways to affect Earth’s surface materials and processes. The ocean supports a variety of ecosystems and organisms, shapes landforms, and influences climate. Winds and clouds in the atmosphere interact with the landforms to determine patterns of weather. - 1320f754-6298-473c-9b01-21cc4ad4b2c1 MS-ETS1-3 Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. - EE1B2056-A645-11E2-8098-4A539DFF4B22 6.SP.5.c Giving quantitative measures of center (median and/or mean) and variability (interquartile range and/or mean absolute deviation), as well as describing any overall pattern and any striking deviations from the overall pattern with reference to the context in which the data were gathered. - C5630B3A-96FF-11E0-9509-C03D9DFF4B22 1.1.1.3 Science depends on evaluating proposed explanations. - dbcc38c1-8094-4784-803a-2d0b2c889611 ESS2.A Earth's Materials and Systems - 9BC37057-90B4-491F-999B-4D41E5BF9437 MS-PS4.A Wave Properties - b3e014cb-a2c2-415e-9de9-bf250cf93a6e CCSS.Math.Practice.MP4 Model with mathematics. - A6446404-6F89-11DF-BAEE-EA329DFF4B22 4.d Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for phenomena. - 126082C3-ADAB-4188-9588-92A9E8238EE5 2.e Develop and/or use a model to predict and/or describe phenomena. - 02A450AA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ESS3-1 Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how the uneven distributions of Earth's mineral, energy, and groundwater resources are the result of past and current geoscience processes. - 3E3D6FDA-6383-11E8-86F4-E20A82BA7E87 ETS1.B.3 There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. - D4C3B387-1F18-48EA-B58E-0827E85653B2 MS-LS2-2 Construct an explanation that predicts patterns of interactions among organisms across multiple ecosystems. - 3D939D7A-6383-11E8-86F4-E20A82BA7E87 LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems - BBC7E146-8524-4327-A739-488FE2CF4451 ETS1.C.3 Although one design may not perform the best across all tests, identifying the characteristics of the design that performed the best in each test can provide useful information for the redesign process, that is, some of the characteristics may be incorporated into the new design. - 161882B0-0013-4FA5-BD15-67C89909FA93 4.a Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for phenomena. - 9198E1A1-324B-43DC-87DC-427B5E9715E9 2.2 Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. - 846CA766-C9BB-40BF-82B9-8278287BDC38 5.c Create algorithms (a series of ordered steps) to solve a problem. - 02B0F8AA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-PS3.D.1 The chemical reaction by which plants produce complex food molecules (sugars) requires an energy input (i.e., from sunlight) to occur. In this reaction, carbon dioxide and water combine to form carbon-based organic molecules and release oxygen. - 2e059ef5-b0cd-4161-805f-3da894146a3c 2 Developing and Using Models - BA6ECC38-2CC2-4BE4-9116-5391AFED46AB ETS1.B.4 Sometimes parts of different solutions can be combined to create a solution that is better than any of its predecessors. - 4502B5D8-58D0-408F-878D-6E590BF89F2B MS-ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes - 9d3e46c0-8d2a-448b-b2ba-1bb808bc8730 1 Patterns - E1ECE871-5284-4391-940A-24C144AFC55D 7.1 Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. - 744da3f0-461b-4b92-90cf-ab4cbd267dd3 MS-PS1.B.2 The total number of each type of atom is conserved, and thus the mass does not change. - 26b2f3be-2d52-4164-b662-e554fcc891ac 6.SP.5 Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context, such as by: - C5614AB6-96FF-11E0-9509-C03D9DFF4B22 MS-ESS3.A Natural Resources - 6f0bc4e7-b2c5-46b7-9956-780150afda29 8.c Gather, read, and synthesize information from multiple appropriate sources and assess the credibility, accuracy, and possible bias of each publication and methods used, and describe how they are supported or not supported by evidence. - C43BCEFC-86E3-4C36-8C86-E68806195B7C PS1.A.4 Gases and liquids are made of molecules or inert atoms that are moving about relative to each other. - 614287A9-E5B7-49F6-A4E3-963761E3617E MS-PS1-6 Undertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes. - 3530ECCC-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 6.c Construct a scientific explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from sources (including the students' own experiments) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future. - 42AE74DD-E6F1-4FB8-A075-46E07F8F2799 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.6 Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text. - 2A9A7532-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 2.1.1 Science is a Way of Knowing - 06dd313c-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 MS-LS1.C Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - b549a159-590c-4684-b142-dd54f6a612be CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.7 Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). - 2A9B637A-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 8.a Critically read scientific texts adapted for classroom use to determine the central ideas and/or obtain scientific and/or technical information to describe patterns in and/or evidence about the natural and designed world(s). - 02BBD0CC-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2 Cause and Effect - FE958C4D-41C2-429D-A1AE-53A66D7EEFB4 MS-ESS3-2 Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects. - 4E77333A-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 43A22C5B-735C-4B56-A795-6352EFB3D376 1 Interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology - 06f24963-6933-42b9-abde-a52a6a650399 2 Developing and Using Models - A6EF6BA3-645D-461B-A332-6BB3653CDCE3 2 Events have causes, sometimes simple, sometimes multifaceted. Deciphering causal relationships, and the mechanisms by which they are mediated, is a major activity of science and engineering. - e073b4d0-725d-417f-84b1-a80901cb4f38 MS-PS3.B.1 When the motion energy of an object changes, there is inevitably some other change in energy at the same time. - d1be06ad-20c5-470f-98be-5aed15fdecf7 MS-ETS1.A.1 The more precisely a design task’s criteria and constraints can be defined, the more likely it is that the designed solution will be successful. Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that is likely to limit possible solutions. - dfc47beb-e2e6-4a8e-ba6c-8aa819be0884 MS-ETS1-2 Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. - 56CCC522-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 4.2 Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. - 817ebac0-41f7-4d1d-88c5-42582d77261d CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.10 By the end of grade 8, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 6–8 text complexity band independently and proficiently. - 2A9E45FE-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 6.1 Complex and microscopic structures and systems can be visualized, modeled, and used to describe how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts; therefore, complex natural and designed structures/systems can be analyzed to determine how they function. - 10b2cf8e-a5e4-4840-85fc-47b780e24865 PS1.B.2 The total number of each type of atom is conserved, and thus the mass does not change. - 36D0E46E-13AA-4CDA-9FA1-072CCFFDB9A6 MS-PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer - 8530727d-b23a-4472-a6e3-1252afb12b3f MS-ESS2.A.1 All Earth processes are the result of energy flowing and matter cycling within and among the planet’s systems. This energy is derived from the sun and Earth’s hot interior. The energy that flows and matter that cycles produce chemical and physical changes in Earth’s materials and living organisms. - 2ac7ec68-c7ef-47ae-bef4-d3fc685e7b28 LS1.C.3 Within individual organisms, food moves through a series of chemical reactions in which it is broken down and rearranged to form new molecules, to support growth, or to release energy. - BF29FC21-2DDA-4B34-80E8-30EE33E397EB ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth's Surface Processes - 9615E29B-5B99-4643-A076-FA2F64B1A134 4 Analyzing data in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to extending quantitative analysis to investigations, distinguishing between correlation and causation, and basic statistical techniques of data and error analysis. - 02AA2458-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 LS2.B.1 Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. - 727B323C-BA4C-4D63-81BF-4C34F115A2D0 5 Tracking energy and matter flows, into, out of, and within systems helps one understand their system’s behavior. - efb9e6e9-1d76-4159-83cd-72d2331803db ESS2.A.1 All Earth processes are the result of energy flowing and matter cycling within and among the planet's systems. This energy is derived from the sun and Earth's hot interior. The energy that flows and matter that cycles produce chemical and physical changes in Earth's materials and living organisms. - 7E5C5745-099D-49D0-89E1-D2B4FB18CB03 4.d Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for phenomena. - 7C3E6881-26ED-4537-8204-08D2FA3736DB CCSS.Math.Content.6.SP.B.5 Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context, such as by: - 1E9CD886-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 5 Energy and Matter - 0B17F07F-0ACB-4096-9436-026AB86E41D6 1.1.1 Scientific Investigations Use a Variety of Methods - 06d8e5dc-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 1.b Define a design problem that can be solved through the development of an object, tool, process or system and includes multiple criteria and constraints, including scientific knowledge that may limit possible solutions. - C75E79CD-34F1-4A5F-89B4-E832F15B0D66 1.3 Patterns can be used to identify cause and effect relationships. - 6C2383A9-1FC4-49D0-A08C-A944D6865B26 ESS1.C.3 Tectonic processes continually generate new ocean sea floor at ridges and destroy old sea floor at trenches. - 5802EE9D-926A-41E6-A410-CF0D842DA8B3 2.f Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. - A6955942-30B2-4204-B5F4-5726A8C33AEB MS-PS2.B.2 Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun. - 7f533d8d-6a94-4114-b60f-61ea80692d47 MS-LS2.B Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - 1e2ee255-00b3-4eea-9ec4-f27545d87336 MS-PS1.A.3 Each pure substance has characteristic physical and chemical properties (for any bulk quantity under given conditions) that can be used to identify it. - 761e3f61-f304-4700-b14e-ebca2d2fe055 MS-LS4.D Biodiversity and Humans - ca4fbd3b-7eda-4a54-89ed-28b16ee64e90 7.a Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. - C11F37F1-280C-4E30-B033-FD7CEA74BCA2 7 Stability and Change - B8DA2E17-2AB2-45C2-B832-DA4B091F57D6 4.1 Systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. - a6629748-5113-48f7-9226-106ada00ee61 8 Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to evaluating the merit and validity of ideas and methods. - 02BB4558-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ETS1-1 Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions. - EE1A4834-A645-11E2-8098-4A539DFF4B22 MS-LS4.A Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity - c68a3c1d-2e1b-4ed0-89f6-d0aa726dae4b 1.1.4.3 Laws are regularities or mathematical descriptions of natural phenomena. - 9ef0597d-655f-4cc6-b45c-aca799e26d23 1.1.4.4 A hypothesis is used by scientists as an idea that may contribute important new knowledge for the evaluation of a scientific theory. - f57f526d-41f0-4a6c-af5d-19eda8e52fb3 PS1.A Structure and Properties of Matter - E80A7041-930D-493B-BE51-D89CCD639A3E CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.7.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 7 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly. - 80C6C378-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.7 Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). - 1E7228C6-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 MS-ESS2.B.3 Maps of ancient land and water patterns, based on investigations of rocks and fossils, make clear how Earth's plates have moved great distances, collided, and spread apart. - 812506EE-2F46-4F1B-AFCB-028112B863A5 PS3.D Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life - 54C3DEDB-0C6F-4BEB-8354-8EE82A970839 7.e Evaluate competing design solutions based on jointly developed and agreed-upon design criteria. - E24260C3-8A2C-463D-8A92-D42992BD3622 7.3 Stability might be disturbed either by sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time. - 32442536-3123-49d2-9510-d0e8dea181d7 PS3.D Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life - 0C224CA0-CAB6-465B-91B1-C55C2E239F93 5.4 The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system. - 1FC9D0B9-24E9-42FD-8C2A-BD6CD25490C8 MS-LS2.B.1 Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. - 3e09308d-d251-4bf0-bf30-fc5fa0353416 7.a Compare and critique two arguments on the same topic and analyze whether they emphasize similar or different evidence and/or interpretations of facts. - 02B869B4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS1.A.6 Solids may be formed from molecules, or they may be extended structures with repeating subunits (e.g., crystals). - 15CC3DED-E1C1-49B0-888A-A7DF1A72F567 CCSS.Math.Content.6.RP.A.3 Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations. - 1E28AC4A-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 2.b Develop or modify a model—based on evidence – to match what happens if a variable or component of a system is changed. - 02A25DCC-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 ESS2.B.3 Maps of ancient land and water patterns, based on investigations of rocks and fossils, make clear how Earth's plates have moved great distances, collided, and spread apart. - 3665B726-C325-4985-84A2-71E6D447649B 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - 736A0712-35C4-4397-BBF9-D8580D57B6F6 ETS1.B.6 Models of all kinds are important for testing solutions. - 2063E411-8148-41F6-8558-E7D426A6DBF7 4-ESS2-2 Analyze and interpret data from maps to describe patterns of Earth’s features. - 07456431-994f-4d2a-8127-696540383125 7 For both designed and natural systems, conditions that affect stability and factors that control rates of change are critical elements to consider and understand. - 18aa0213-d643-40ff-ae2e-4b62a4026dac MS-ETS1.A Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem - 17e7eb17-0775-41b8-a682-d48fad8da564 1 Patterns - 3c42692d-2e66-450a-a808-cff9a6b93d97 LS1.C Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms - F1041D1A-B6D8-4A69-8D4C-78EDE5544844 7.2 Small changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part. - B1434CA1-7740-48BC-9912-9847B98FCE0F 3 Scale, Proportion, and Quantity - 559EC233-1E95-455C-8B5D-E412C53D1C43 CCSS.Math.Content.6.SP.B.4 Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot plots, histograms, and box plots. - 1E9B5C72-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 4.b Use graphical displays (e.g., maps, charts, graphs, and/or tables) of large data sets to identify temporal and spatial relationships. - 02AB5A94-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1.a Engineering advances have led to important discoveries in virtually every field of science and scientific discoveries have led to the development of entire industries and engineered systems. - 3944a17c-8cf4-4385-9acc-40bbb259781d CCSS.Math.Content.6.RP.A.1 Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. - 1E20776E-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 1.1 Macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. - adc0d545-65da-4fcb-a38d-aaa7e50405a8 PS1.B Chemical Reactions - 3F048DE2-2685-439C-AF44-CA9022B81A9A LS2.A.4 Similarly, predatory interactions may reduce the number of organisms or eliminate whole populations of organisms. Mutually beneficial interactions, in contrast, may become so interdependent that each organism requires the other for survival. Although the species involved in these competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems, the patterns of interactions of organisms with their environments, both living and nonliving, are shared. - 22FA5512-00FB-416D-A3A7-D490FFBC42CC 6.h Optimize performance of a design by prioritizing criteria, making tradeoffs, testing, revising, and re-testing. - 02B733FA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS3.D.1 The chemical reaction by which plants produce complex food molecules (sugars) requires an energy input (i.e., from sunlight) to occur. In this reaction, carbon dioxide and water combine to form carbon-based organic molecules and release oxygen. - 4A1778DA-E60A-4357-B363-FEC395A02633 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - A1B780BD-EE14-488D-9561-7A6F5930A5C6 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. - 2AC438CC-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 3.d Collect data to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence to answer scientific questions or test design solutions under a range of conditions. - 02A8D27E-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ETS1.B.3 There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. - c3c1ba26-f82f-495f-a3ee-af6b6768c3f9 PS1.A.3 Each pure substance has characteristic physical and chemical properties (for any bulk quantity under given conditions) that can be used to identify it. - ECDD60F7-B97E-45D3-8C60-C1D70113591E CCSS.Math.Content.6.RP.A.2 Understand the concept of a unit rate 34𝘢/34𝘢𝘣 associated with a ratio 34𝘢𝘣𝘢:34𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣 with 34𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣 ≠ 0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. - 1E249010-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 7651FA55-01A6-4630-9CFB-C78C78351F46 2.e Develop and use a model to describe phenomena. - AC6CCE01-5E2C-41DD-AA83-18B31F73870A 8 Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information - 687F1AF4-C377-41DC-9FED-36B8BF06B121 5.4 The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system. - ECD10D57-2A4A-404F-8580-0A2051D8F2AB 7 Stability and Change - 4CDCE2A9-6412-4D63-8543-2583D4F61C16 2 Developing and Using Models - D589BD47-C30C-4443-9BD1-FF2BFAF89355 6.SP.5.a Reporting the number of observations. - C56217E8-96FF-11E0-9509-C03D9DFF4B22 4-PS4-1 Develop a model of waves to describe patterns in terms of amplitude and wavelength and that waves can cause objects to move. - df1e4dd7-2af2-4942-8db5-19aa81f1ecb8 MS-ETS1-3 Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. - 56E49EF4-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 1.b Define a design problem that can be solved through the development of an object, tool, process or system and includes multiple criteria and constraints, including scientific knowledge that may limit possible solutions. - 02A096EA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 LS4.D.3 Changes in biodiversity can influence humans' resources, such as food, energy, and medicines, as well as ecosystem services that humans rely on, for example, water purification and recycling. - 91C52D4E-DD4B-43B4-8F29-8FC0B57D7522 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 85996C55-9C62-4386-A615-898E83903BF9 3 Planning and carrying out investigations in 6-8 builds on K-5 experiences and progresses to include investigations that use multiple variables and provide evidence to support explanations or solutions. - 02A640F4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.d Develop and/or revise a model to show the relationships among variables, including those that are not observable but predict observable phenomena. - 02A3A9DE-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-LS2.A.4 Similarly, predatory interactions may reduce the number of organisms or eliminate whole populations of organisms. Mutually beneficial interactions, in contrast, may become so interdependent that each organism requires the other for survival. Although the species involved in these competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems, the patterns of interactions of organisms with their environments, both living and nonliving, are shared. - 101D60DD-1A96-4123-B2B1-F3019E308FC9 8.d Evaluate data, hypotheses, and/or conclusions in scientific and technical texts in light of competing information or accounts. - 02BD9BFA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth - 467698DC-C4A3-43CB-807E-D7EAA42E2BD2 1.1.2 Scientific Knowledge is Based on Empirical Evidence - 06d97f24-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 1 Observed patterns in nature guide organization and classification and prompt questions about relationships and causes underlying them. - 9bc8cc70-02b3-4984-8a1f-37c3765806ae 6.a Construct an explanation that includes qualitative or quantitative relationships between variables that predict(s) and/or describe(s) phenomena. - 02B33796-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.b The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. - aaf934e8-d27f-4867-94fa-bef30d74ce6b MS-ESS3-1 Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how the uneven distributions of Earth's mineral, energy, and groundwater resources are the result of past and current geoscience processes. - 4E600AA2-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 6.d Apply scientific ideas, principles, and/or evidence to construct, revise and/or use an explanation for real-world phenomena, examples, or events. - 02B4D182-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1.1.4 Science Models, Laws, Mechanisms, and Theories Explain Natural Phenomena - 06dc42b8-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 3.1 Time, space, and energy phenomena can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. - 74078B31-C27F-46B4-9A92-30467523329E 3 Scale, Proportion and Quantity - 789de3c9-fef6-4bb2-933f-02c5c189b557 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.1 Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. - 2AA246CC-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 2.g Develop and/or use a model to generate data to test ideas about phenomena in natural or designed systems, including those representing inputs and outputs, and those at unobservable scales. - 02A59BE0-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2 Cause and Effect - 928B754C-89C4-4D92-BCBC-FBEE9F31934F 2.1.4.1 Scientific knowledge is constrained by human capacity, technology, and materials. - 02ff9ec9-8df9-448b-8b25-74425f67a1bf 1.a Ask questions - 029B9E6A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 5.1 Matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. - f1152e5a-d741-4316-9b2a-e086280a75ca 7 Stability and Change - BE9FB18A-6943-4E45-89CE-476B724A6581 MS-PS1.A.6 Solids may be formed from molecules, or they may be extended structures with repeating subunits (e.g., crystals). - 9e73c742-5f88-4828-8391-f4ea34587e18 4.d Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for phenomena. - 02AC7D70-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2 Developing and Using Models - EF6437DE-958C-43F9-8A41-4E61FF961A09 7.2 Small changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part. - 646f7bc6-4ab5-48ad-bef9-7a05264dbadd ESS3.A.1 Humans depend on Earth's land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, fresh water, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. These resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes. - D17A546B-35BC-4877-A48F-9ACEB232F601 LS2.B Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems - 85BA558C-2747-4465-B4D6-1146B9C5A30C CCSS.Math.Practice.MP6 Attend to precision. - A647016E-6F89-11DF-BAEE-EA329DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.4 Present claims and findings (e.g., argument, narrative, response to literature presentations), emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with relevant evidence, sound valid reasoning, and well-chosen details; use appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation. - 451837F8-995B-11E0-AB37-AD0A9DFF4B22 5.2 Within a natural system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. - 6F9ED286-F6DF-4E84-A59D-99441BA17DCD 5.4 The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a natural system. - EC745084-92F3-4F93-9872-B4A9136EDA0E 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - E3C31F0A-9F4E-426C-AC02-1447DE17B0CD ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 0C364C22-CBF6-4BBE-AAB8-7EEAAB567D72 2 Developing and Using Models - 0491894E-3683-4CC4-AD34-F8F52F2B6884 1.3 Patterns can be used to identify cause and effect relationships. - ce7aa44d-23ac-48a3-b840-3fb0e78fd0c7 5 Energy and Matter - 30AD3746-0DE7-4F4A-AF3F-4EDA2CA2C492 5 Energy and Matter - C1E4605E-D117-445F-A971-0A711AFB8030 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - 610FD589-9BFD-46F5-A9BF-49258E985546 4.g Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - FE6B41EB-FBE9-4351-9791-06AC95F9D79F 2.2 Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. - D90C3B37-27EB-428A-812C-F520101F93B3 5 Energy and Matter - FAA2DA33-502B-49C4-A9BD-A20A9E96CD41 1 Asking questions and defining problems in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to specifying relationships between variables, and clarifying arguments and models. - 029AF71C-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 744F5D93-AF6A-49AA-A614-43BC1F9159E0 2 Cause and Effect - 502C9EE8-A108-4968-B41C-8E539DA9CB11 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.8 Distinguish among facts, reasoned judgment based on research findings, and speculation in a text. - 2A9C5DE8-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 4.g Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - 58DA654B-F170-4E98-89AD-C8066F094301 PS1.B Chemical Reactions - D1118FC5-7E90-4C14-A2E4-7A1A362C2E26 LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems - BBA452F0-CBD8-4DDD-9AC6-27D6646ED4F8 5 Energy and Matter - 935BF1ED-2954-4E93-A1CE-FE8FCEFC27D1 LS2.C.1 Ecosystems are dynamic in nature; their characteristics can vary over time. Disruptions to any physical or biological component of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all its populations. - 83FE6037-511A-4306-AEC2-7BBBADF33606 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 949154CF-4737-4B70-B6A4-0EC1F4234764 2.1.2 Scientific Knowledge Assumes an Order and Consistency in Natural Systems - 06dd6e04-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.8 Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced. - 81018B7A-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.3 Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. - 2A94E9D2-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - 05D7BDC6-DB22-47A3-85DD-4D53A86AE8A6 1 Patterns - D48B1E18-5EF7-46F2-860F-937C799B07C6 3 In considering phenomena, it is critical to recognize what is relevant at different size, time, and energy scales, and to recognize proportional relationships between different quantities as scales change. - af5d43c0-8d2a-45ef-95b4-31cd89013273 MS-PS3.D Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life - dde6730c-8bad-4c55-bdc0-fb948af508ca ESS2.C.5 Water's movements, both on the land and underground, cause weathering and erosion, which change the land's surface features and create underground formations. - EB0A02C5-43D3-4547-B6F0-1DB7C5F4611E 4.a Construct, analyze, and/or interpret graphical displays of data and/or large data sets to identify linear and nonlinear relationships. - 02AAC3E0-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS1.B.1 Substances react chemically in characteristic ways. In a chemical process, the atoms that make up the original substances are regrouped into different molecules, and these new substances have different properties from those of the reactants. - 87471686-58FD-4D05-B262-97E0DC781BCD MS-ETS1.B.6 Models of all kinds are important for testing solutions. - 61fad8b8-8737-416d-a55d-b793ef8e0321 ESS2.A.2 The planet's systems interact over scales that range from microscopic to global in size, and they operate over fractions of a second to billions of years. These interactions have shaped Earth's history and will determine its future. - BFEE9D54-73F8-4DD7-B1C0-513BD62D6A5C MS-ETS1-4 Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. - 56FCAF3A-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 5.b Use mathematical representations to describe and/or support scientific conclusions and design solutions. - 02B06F16-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1 Patterns - 88607CAD-687A-4614-8AF7-28481EBC6DAC 8.e Communicate scientific and/or technical information (e.g. about a proposed object, tool, process, system) in writing and/or through oral presentations. - 02BE3C4A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2 Cause and Effect - 123894e2-9e65-4966-afc5-456f92a7d1d7 MS-LS2-4 Construct an argument supported by empirical evidence that changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem affect populations. - 3DC46E5A-6383-11E8-86F4-E20A82BA7E87 6 Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to include constructing explanations and designing solutions supported by multiple sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories. - 02B2B1E0-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-PS2.B Types of Interactions - fab719f9-e730-4469-83cc-233cf5e8eb2e 1.1 Macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. - 885BEA9D-F723-4A6E-A61F-9E2F15C3EADA 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - 97032177-4557-41DD-8755-46C84FD4D0B7 PS1.A Structure and Properties of Matter - 88379F5B-B0B4-4016-945E-0B7810C9CDEB PS3.A Definitions of Energy - E8E41878-A10D-4095-9D2A-B64456E47AA3 2 Developing and Using Models - 27C5202A-8A85-4EE0-845D-1FD4ABC0F440 MS-ESS3.A.1 Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, fresh water, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. These resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes. - 454d77f7-0327-4f9c-9879-5b97614dd23e 7 Stability and Change - AE2F9302-2BB7-4183-BA2F-BB707CFA3598 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.4 Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with relevant evidence, sound valid reasoning, and well-chosen details; use appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation. - 81151938-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 1.1.3.2 The certainty and durability of science findings varies. - 5e79eb54-71bb-4a47-be1a-a197379345d4 4-ESS2.A.2 Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, living organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller particles and move them around. - e77cd833-0f17-4159-a530-4fd84668c0e0 3.5 Phenomena that can be observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale. - 425df40c-34f0-4463-9316-55401eb21fc2 CCSS.Math.Content.6.EE.B.6 Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions when solving a real-world or mathematical problem; understand that a variable can represent an unknown number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any number in a specified set. - 1E789D90-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 LS2.A.2 Growth of organisms and population increases are limited by access to resources. - 9B57B67F-A4CC-4BC4-9729-E0732B1C7F9C ESS2.A Earth's Materials and Systems - C3E7758E-B20F-48C7-8720-27EE8D7CB479 3.a Plan an investigation individually and collaboratively, and in the design: identify independent and dependent variables and controls, what tools are needed to do the gathering, how measurements will be recorded, and how many data are needed to support a claim. - 02A6EDE2-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - EC4EC0EC-0275-45C1-8C73-6A1DAFF541AA CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.7.6 Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. - 80CE6ECA-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 3.e Collect data about the performance of a proposed object, tool, process or system under a range of conditions. - 02A98F3E-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1.1.1.1 Science investigations use a variety of methods and tools to make measurements and observations. - 03197eaf-f890-401c-a558-0962bceceb73 1 Asking Questions and Defining Problems - 8443EA7A-6EDE-4874-AE69-157C26988EC4 7.1 Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and processes at different scales, including the atomic scale. - 861DA536-22D6-415C-BCB1-BD2C5DDA611F MS-PS3.D.3 Cellular respiration in plants and animals involve chemical reactions with oxygen that release stored energy. In these processes, complex molecules containing carbon react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and other materials. - bcb5718b-2f4c-44e3-9884-4780297546eb CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.7 Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration. - 2AC0C58E-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 PS3.A.7 The temperature of a system is proportional to the average internal kinetic energy and potential energy per atom or molecule (whichever is the appropriate building block for the system's material). The details of that relationship depend on the type of atom or molecule and the interactions among the atoms in the material. Temperature is not a direct measure of a system's total thermal energy. 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