Organization: McGraw-Hill Product Name: Nat. Inspire Science Grade 8 2020 Product Version: 1.2 Source: IMS Online Validator Profile: 1.2.0 Identifier: cc_v1p2 Timestamp: Friday, June 26, 2020 02:59 PM EDT Status: VALID! Conformant: true ----- VALID! ----- Resource Validation Results The document is valid. ----- VALID! ----- Schema Location Results Schema locations are valid. ----- VALID! ----- Schema Validation Results The document is valid. ----- VALID! ----- Schematron Validation Results The document is valid. Curriculum Standards: PS2.A Forces and Motion - A77CAF27-6DF7-48DA-965E-022F58C51A95 2.1.4 Science Addresses Questions About the Natural and Material World. - 06de7cd6-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 4.2 Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions - such as inputs, processes, and outputs - and energy and matter flows within systems. - E3C48600-4BBC-4323-B956-EB54C01A6B46 2 Cause and Effect - 194E9A00-2FEF-414D-8663-D7C03B8A571A LS4.A Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity - 99E25574-819A-4DDE-8C50-E30171A491B6 2 Influence of Engineering, Technology, and Science on Society and the Natural World - d214acff-902d-4dec-a5d6-c65f28aaf48d MS-ETS1.A Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems - 5a0b2db1-f1fc-475b-bc6d-38b26bebe065 MS-ESS1.A The Universe and Its Stars - f763206f-b207-404e-b9d6-d87c0b7a132b MS-LS4.C Adaptation - ef48e830-46cf-48cc-917e-c9ad26f9fe4a CCSS.Math.Content.7.EE.B.3 Solve multi-step real-life and mathematical problems posed with positive and negative rational numbers in any form (whole numbers, fractions, and decimals), using tools strategically. Apply properties of operations to calculate with numbers in any form; convert between forms as appropriate; and assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies. - 1EDE4C8A-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 MS-ESS1-1 Develop and use a model of the Earth-sun-moon system to describe the cyclic patterns of lunar phases, eclipses of the sun and moon, and seasons. - 4D7057DC-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 8.b Integrate qualitative and/or quantitative scientific and/or technical information in written text with that contained in media and visual displays to clarify claims and findings. - 02BC66F4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 4-ESS1-1 Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time. - 708BE42A-A3EA-11E2-9CD2-C3759DFF4B22 LS4.C Adaptation - D747353B-0853-454D-A729-22212C1A9E7A PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation - 5EEE219E-A614-4FBE-BDDF-7B033982C658 ESS1.A The Universe and Its Stars - 9F6F43EA-7B4C-445B-884A-6F515BEF71A6 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. - 2AC660FC-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 1.4 Graphs and charts can be used to identify patterns in data. - 320FB081-F5B6-40C1-9C79-F3C803E4162F 7 Stability and Change - 7766913c-e46a-42d4-a3c7-94bcefba4151 4 Systems and System Models - 87DAAB39-D9DE-4851-906A-13FFC2E73049 2.1.4.3 Science knowledge can describe consequences of actions but is not responsible for society's decisions. - 31d58998-c965-4897-8235-8a3a51c5caa8 5.3 Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). - ade22f72-777a-49ab-ac4b-44b1f4bb0a9c MS-LS2.C.1 Ecosystems are dynamic in nature; their characteristics can vary over time. Disruptions to any physical or biological component of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all its populations. - c2faff1f-0b11-4418-b465-a88d5c5a803e MS-LS4.A.2 The collection of fossils and their placement in chronological order (e.g., through the location of the sedimentary layers in which they are found or through radioactive dating) is known as the fossil record. It documents the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of many life forms throughout the history of life on Earth. - 3c97baa0-2cd7-43c8-b434-1785ea124f47 LS4.A.2 The collection of fossils and their placement in chronological order (e.g., through the location of the sedimentary layers in which they are found or through radioactive dating) is known as the fossil record. It documents the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of many life forms throughout the history of life on Earth. - 7A673B2B-8497-4C22-BBF6-9B41C5ACDECC 4.g Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - 79CC8698-97EC-4100-AFBB-D0FA15148B69 7.1 Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and forces at different scales. - 9D75D212-9661-4E38-A37F-00608284A572 2.1.3.4 Advances in technology influence the progress of science and science has influenced advances in technology. - a415da73-dfcf-4dc4-b874-ce5bc6681826 6.c Construct a scientific explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from sources (including the students’ own experiments) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future. - 02B4478A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ETS1.B.1 A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results, in order to improve it. - 3a348daa-dee3-4a23-980b-080fdfb7f491 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.8 Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation. - 2AC1FD0A-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - C119F6B3-121B-4D11-AA92-83C01F7F5E45 MS-PS2.A.2 The motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it; if the total force on the object is not zero, its motion will change. The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force needed to achieve the same change in motion. For any given object, a larger force causes a larger change in motion. - 270b62ae-0048-42e3-960c-eadf1a32a573 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.5 Integrate multimedia and visual displays into presentations to clarify information, strengthen claims and evidence, and add interest. - 1D9A08CE-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 2.1.3.3 Scientists and engineers are guided by habits of mind such as intellectual honesty, tolerance of ambiguity, skepticism and openness to new ideas. - dd2bcc7c-c619-4aaa-bf67-5bf771c5d501 PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation - 916EC40C-9BF1-48A4-9CF8-44BA3E94F902 5 Energy and Matter - 59d13813-bfc9-41f4-af7e-e5af0b02aec7 PS4.B.5 However, because light can travel through space, it cannot be a matter wave, like sound or water waves. - 5E350875-551A-42F9-ABE0-A3B70A432CDE 3 Planning and Carrying Out Investigations - 2F1C80ED-8D09-4421-998F-CC03AE90F7EF 2.e Develop and use a model to describe phenomena. - 976170FC-FBC4-46CB-8E9B-373EF93175F6 ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earth Systems - D901D4E4-A285-4891-8E11-E5E7C5BC5205 1 Patterns - AD94B5BD-1ACA-468A-8BFB-B16CF1B83E99 PS4.A.2 A sound wave needs a medium through which it is transmitted. - 96DFCAC8-CD01-4497-913B-C8D317F60277 8.b Integrate qualitative scientific and technical information in written text with that contained in media and visual displays to clarify claims and findings. - EDA4AD2F-A26A-4A02-BC63-CE720802F097 4.e Apply concepts of statistics and probability (including mean, median, mode, and variability) to analyze and characterize data, using digital tools when feasible. - 02AD0F24-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.2 Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. - 66AF08D4-1189-460D-B9A4-9DA74F4F55F5 2.1.1.2 Science knowledge is cumulative and many people, from many generations and nations, have contributed to science knowledge. - ba0a97e0-7536-4e4d-8ebf-122c92fd2985 LS4.A Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity - 9394E871-4389-41A6-91BA-938965C9E167 PS2.B.1 Electric and magnetic (electromagnetic) forces can be attractive or repulsive, and their sizes depend on the magnitudes of the charges, currents, or magnetic strengths involved and on the distances between the interacting objects. - 12BF4F85-832B-4613-88D0-A5A2EF738C4E 4 Systems and System Models - 93cb1128-87e2-4a54-9f3e-4033a4d0bd2c 2.1.1.3 Science is a way of knowing used by many people, not just scientists. - f606ab36-9b0f-4331-82b5-3dbd78d67e1e 2.1.3.1 Men and women from different social, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds work as scientists and engineers. - 098d077d-0928-40fb-93e4-a38f66d4ffe5 LS4.B Natural Selection - AE3C3659-E348-461E-BABE-88C8135A0A3F MS-LS4-1 Analyze and interpret data for patterns in the fossil record that document the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of life forms throughout the history of life on Earth under the assumption that natural laws operate today as in the past. - 42DDA018-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 1 Patterns - B7DC3085-F4A6-482E-BCC1-1608A6A8D770 MS-LS4-4 Construct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic variations of traits in a population increase some individuals' probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment. - 432633D2-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 2.a All human activity draws on natural resources and has both short and long-term consequences, positive as well as negative, for the health of people and the natural environment. - 587dccbe-3fd1-4426-b8b5-dc6087dfea8a 4.c Distinguish between causal and correlational relationships in data. - 02ABE176-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.f Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. - D33641D7-E98C-4374-92A6-2FC2FE076CB0 MS-ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System - a0898a45-c5b4-4deb-b436-c9b0842d5aee 2 Cause and Effect - 5DA28BBA-6433-4778-BAEC-5F5CDAFD0970 3 Scale, Proportion, and Quantity - 9C5F9409-A77F-4DFE-B98D-ED2E5902BB62 PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer - 379E7F43-BD89-4CB1-AD47-6930D8A490E4 MS-LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience - d56873cc-1392-4f5c-bce9-85f48e210a46 PS2.B Types of Interactions - E1DBBB86-BAF6-4877-9478-E40113CBBD16 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 0066B65E-B1F2-4D08-9E1C-4ED181A94069 6.d Apply scientific ideas to construct an explanation for real-world phenomena, examples, or events. - A61DE081-1D8D-46CF-8277-18F74F5D1486 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - 7943D641-3A0D-4FF9-8F28-C99F2AA04D71 MS-ETS1.C.4 The iterative process of testing the most promising solutions and modifying what is proposed on the basis of the test results leads to greater refinement and ultimately to an optimal solution. - cf92dddb-9664-4782-a875-eaeff7b165b4 PS3.A Definitions of Energy - 47BEB080-E769-4CF8-98E2-437796AC05D2 1.a.4 to clarify and/or refine a model, an explanation, or an engineering problem. - 029E1E1A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-PS4-1 Use mathematical representations to describe a simple model for waves that includes how the amplitude of a wave is related to the energy in a wave. - 364F1282-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 3.1 Time, space, and energy phenomena can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. - 7CA73382-92D9-4845-A740-C44D12C1F0B0 PS2.A.1 For any pair of interacting objects, the force exerted by the first object on the second object is equal in strength to the force that the second object exerts on the first, but in the opposite direction (Newton's third law). - 81925F7F-8D71-461E-9577-80477E7D17F0 2.f Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. - 02A4E95C-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 ETS1.C Optimizing the Design Solution - FF8BB90C-C00F-453D-B9DC-EAF348C59CAF LS3.A Inheritance of Traits - BE36BE45-E866-49D1-811A-4D86DE474D93 PS2.A.4 All positions of objects and the directions of forces and motions must be described in an arbitrarily chosen reference frame and arbitrarily chosen units of size. In order to share information with other people, these choices must also be shared. - 1CE06F24-944A-452A-A930-54984630F585 2.1.3.2 Scientists and engineers rely on human qualities such as persistence, precision, reasoning, logic, imagination and creativity. - f03c150a-05bb-428e-ac13-e23c9ed0c503 5.d Apply mathematical concepts and/or processes (e.g., ratio, rate, percent, basic operations, simple algebra) to scientific and engineering questions and problems. - 02B18CFC-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 4.2 Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions, such as inputs, processes and outputs, and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. - FF5334CF-8B87-456C-B2A8-53CB364BB8FD PS4.A.1 A simple wave has a repeating pattern with a specific wavelength, frequency, and amplitude. - B4A61931-97E5-483B-9FF0-08A053F79221 ESS1.A The Universe and Its Stars - 1270FC3A-0B94-4622-AB46-EFC7DC91291E 2 Developing and Using Models - 6677E673-D384-495C-AC2E-CDC21856E31F 3 Scale, Proportion, and Quantity - 85FCBAE0-08EE-4213-9AD4-756EDDF40874 ESS1.A.3 Earth and its solar system are part of the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of many galaxies in the universe. - 98A4DE90-BBE2-4582-A5A9-82A2655B76E8 2 Developing and Using Models - 2A3493A3-7E7E-4A58-842D-A946A163B208 1.1.3 Scientific Knowledge is Open to Revision in Light of New Evidence - 06dba222-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 PS3.B.1 When the motion energy of an object changes, there is inevitably some other change in energy at the same time. - A8FC16C8-245A-4FC6-8912-E2312201B21B 1.4 Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data. - 24B39C71-8DF3-474F-8A47-DC9BD3D647A9 MS-ETS1-2 Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. - EE1AB3DC-A645-11E2-8098-4A539DFF4B22 1.1.3.1 Scientific explanations are subject to revision and improvement in light of new evidence. - 2db3c5ce-b83d-4ab1-baf7-06ac5b7233d3 MS-ETS1-4 Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. - EE1B8C08-A645-11E2-8098-4A539DFF4B22 MS-LS4-2 Apply scientific ideas to construct an explanation for the anatomical similarities and differences among modern organisms and between modern and fossil organisms to infer evolutionary relationships. - 42F52102-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC PS2.A.2 The motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it; if the total force on the object is not zero, its motion will change. The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force needed to achieve the same change in motion. For any given object, a larger force causes a larger change in motion. - 3512A27E-959D-4B95-A961-CDA407522578 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. - 2ABB25A2-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 6 Structure and Function - d79f4647-8eeb-467e-a72d-45ff097e0590 4-PS3-2 Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents. - 9651dfd1-f8a0-4255-a49f-f5b4d379cdbd 7 Engaging in argument from evidence in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to constructing a convincing argument that supports or refutes claims for either explanations or solutions about the natural and designed world(s). - 02B7C572-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 ESS1.A.1 Patterns of the apparent motion of the sun, the moon, and stars in the sky can be observed, described, predicted, and explained with models. - 0D5D85D0-9517-42F9-99D6-DC3CBD308253 CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.A.1 Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions. - 1F26B254-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 MS-ESS1.B.2 This model of the solar system can explain eclipses of the sun and the moon. Earth’s spin axis is fixed in direction over the short-term but tilted relative to its orbit around the sun. The seasons are a result of that tilt and are caused by the differential intensity of sunlight on different areas of Earth across the year. - d932de5d-00fd-4559-834b-82dc4965b96a ESS1.B.2 This model of the solar system can explain eclipses of the sun and the moon. Earth's spin axis is fixed in direction over the short-term but tilted relative to its orbit around the sun. The seasons are a result of that tilt and are caused by the differential intensity of sunlight on different areas of Earth across the year. - 97F435E3-D58D-43D2-8539-A0ADBFE6B7E4 PS2.B Types of Interactions - 2C4C4B6C-A14C-4066-A247-5D6D7B262D91 8.c Gather, read, and synthesize information from multiple appropriate sources and assess the credibility, accuracy, and possible bias of each publication and methods used, and describe how they are supported or not supported by evidence. - 02BD0CC6-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS3.A Definitions of Energy - A1F5DA1D-38B7-4707-952F-75B28DA9B443 6.2 Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used. - A96E4B8E-2E83-4228-9A5A-C2F9DF36EF5F 2.f Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. - 4FA22517-1D87-47D7-BE7E-2B6C820D52C0 2 Cause and Effect - A7D073E4-F8C0-4074-A727-4D73E3E94152 ESS1.C.1 The geologic time scale interpreted from rock strata provides a way to organize Earth's history. Analyses of rock strata and the fossil record provide only relative dates, not an absolute scale. - 9AF22475-E55F-4290-B469-332F6DDBE807 1.4 Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data. - 3a6f36f7-29dc-4cc5-8b1e-b5ffd35b923c 5.4 The transfer of energy can be tracked as energy flows through a designed or natural system. - 506d3739-e7e1-4aa3-958e-d75b9155d303 5.a Use digital tools (e.g., computers) to analyze very large data sets for patterns and trends. - 02AFDF42-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 3.4 Scientific relationships can be represented through the use of algebraic expressions and equations. - f61f8fba-d3f5-489a-aebd-480b1d91f6b0 3.b Conduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence that can meet the goals of the investigation. - C63AB349-4D96-471C-8ABA-3E9EE35C61FC MS-ETS1-1 Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions. - 56B4B414-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 2.3 Phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability. - 29F0D5FE-18B6-4653-937B-67216368174C 4.g Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - 333EAC56-A656-4BA6-A07E-E7FBD8D64BBF 1.a.7 that challenge the premise(s) of an argument or the interpretation of a data set. - 029FFD48-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 8 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly. - 81111B08-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 2 Modeling in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to developing, using, and revising models to describe, test, and predict more abstract phenomena and design systems. - 02A13F00-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 5.b Use mathematical representations to support scientific conclusions and design solutions. - EE045E08-01DD-47AB-A4C4-B1F5D9A80E1C 1 Patterns - DCD78841-7C1B-491B-B190-D4CCE96F3E3D MS-ESS1-4 Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence from rock strata for how the geologic time scale is used to organize Earth's 4.6-billion-year-old history. - 4DB9979E-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC MS-LS1.D Information Processing - 8ecef26c-228c-4582-b09d-19d9cc26a7e9 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.5 Integrate multimedia and visual displays into presentations to clarify information, strengthen claims and evidence, and add interest. - 811591E2-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth - B2D5A98A-9B58-4AD3-BAD6-9F543F28581A MS-ESS2.C.3 Global movements of water and its changes in form are propelled by sunlight and gravity. - 2cad83f2-1f55-49be-96ee-0c203d2e59d9 CCSS.Math.Content.7.EE.B.4 Use variables to represent quantities in a real-world or mathematical problem, and construct simple equations and inequalities to solve problems by reasoning about the quantities. - 1EE09E22-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.7 Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration. - 1E8204B2-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 5 Mathematical and computational thinking in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to identifying patterns in large data sets and using mathematical concepts to support explanations and arguments. - 02AF5FF4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1.1.1.4 Scientific values function as criteria in distinguishing between science and non-science. - 602e4a9f-c0d0-408e-b7b6-b6e5f11ca4a8 5.2 Within a natural or designed system, the transfer of energy drives the motion and/or cycling of matter. - 15e0c078-0c6b-4e01-9369-96ae3f452f70 2 Cause and Effect - 3D4F25D4-245A-43FA-A3E2-5E73E786AE6F LS4.C.1 Adaptation by natural selection acting over generations is one important process by which species change over time in response to changes in environmental conditions. Traits that support successful survival and reproduction in the new environment become more common; those that do not become less common. Thus, the distribution of traits in a population changes. - 21667211-E793-434F-90DE-1626C55CBE41 LS4.A.4 Anatomical similarities and differences between various organisms living today and between them and organisms in the fossil record, enable the reconstruction of evolutionary history and the inference of lines of evolutionary descent. - 0BEB7C47-E165-48A9-AB91-DB740B8B802C 1.a.1 that arise from careful observation of phenomena, models, or unexpected results, to clarify and/or seek additional information. - 029C524C-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 5 Energy and Matter - 48BB5DED-1989-45D6-9878-A00AB7805DB8 6.2 Structures can be designed to serve particular functions. - C8340403-ACD2-47EC-8C71-03917F0F3F36 PS3.A.2 A system of objects may also contain stored (potential) energy, depending on their relative positions. - 824DE9B2-3CD7-4B77-B903-F0E86B6544A9 2 Cause and Effect - 15F237C7-307B-47D0-B985-3BE2BD1D6CA3 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions. - 2A93F1E4-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 LS3.B Variation of Traits - 31032214-4FDF-45FD-BD4E-93AD4566F128 4.a Analyze displays of data to identify linear and nonlinear relationships. - 7A6CD24B-5E4D-41A7-A1A0-16F31ADDD763 4.g Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - 02AE2508-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.c Use and/or develop a model of simple systems with uncertain and less predictable factors. - 02A30DA8-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 6 The way an object is shaped or structured determines many of its properties and functions. - 8a322149-26b6-474a-9ef5-7109dc0b0b74 MS-PS2-5 Conduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to provide evidence that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even though the objects are not in contact. - 35B69A70-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC ESS3.C.2 Typically as human populations and per-capita consumption of natural resources increase, so do the negative impacts on Earth unless the activities and technologies involved are engineered otherwise. - D9DED15F-67FE-4DFE-978F-15DB41092A54 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. - 1E8496FA-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 6 Structure and Function - 87B223C5-73C2-42D7-AB1E-674EFD989737 3.3 Proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) among different types of quantities provide information about the magnitude of properties and processes. - 0A797C9B-DB46-4653-B01D-E2653D1EFC92 CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.A.3 Use numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities, and to express how many times as much one is than the other. - 1F2B2D84-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 7.c Construct, use, and/or present an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. - 02B99136-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.6 Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas clearly and efficiently. - 2ABF9830-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 CCSS.Math.Content.6.EE.A.2 Write, read, and evaluate expressions in which letters stand for numbers. - 1E629B3A-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 MS-LS4-6 Use mathematical representations to support explanations of how natural selection may lead to increases and decreases of specific traits in populations over time. - 43591E64-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.9 Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic. - 2A9D4DF2-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - C1B96389-E5AF-49AF-A61B-A779A2E06143 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - D6A0607F-9A6F-4B55-8481-52D243C075CF 2.1.2.1 Science assumes that objects and events in natural systems occur in consistent patterns that are understandable through measurement and observation. - 84d37718-dfe8-4953-8450-b518bc455a51 MS-PS3.C Relationship Between Energy and Forces - b5e21c0b-a529-49c0-b231-67ba3e8477b2 2.d Develop and use a model to describe phenomena. - 8A434227-66D2-45E2-A78F-5741C1EDF544 4 Systems and System Models - 79337B22-5001-40DF-85E4-67A9FFC83E3E 6.a Construct an explanation that includes qualitative or quantitative relationships between variables that predict phenomena. - 92819C84-880C-43E2-96A4-E4B797062767 6 Structure and Function - 45F8AE9B-EA67-42D2-99B6-C4137102CD38 7.e Evaluate competing design solutions based on jointly developed and agreed-upon design criteria. - AA790CC1-18A8-4F8D-BCD3-A5C944386891 7.1 Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and processes at different scales, including the atomic scale. - F9F404B9-B13B-4505-893A-9BEE064C1B90 MS-LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems - a661abf9-56fa-43b7-997a-a68dd74f8fa8 3.3 Proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) among different types of quantities provide information about the magnitude of properties and processes. - 66f369de-7a09-40b0-bccb-1fafbcc3e82a 7.c Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. - 00600363-6965-4CBA-B365-625793ABB222 PS4.B.4 A wave model of light is useful for explaining brightness, color, and the frequency-dependent bending of light at a surface between media. - B8B468B3-A68E-4292-BF2D-E0FCBC67A783 3.1 Time, space, and energy phenomena can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. - CDA7EBDC-7BDB-4BC6-A2A6-575224EF00E1 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 84D51FFF-DBC0-4930-9165-920EE17B6925 1.1.4.2 Science theories are based on a body of evidence developed over time. - 8e2409d6-faf5-41cd-9a22-83fd5aea0b48 CCSS.Math.Content.6.NS.C.5 Understand that positive and negative numbers are used together to describe quantities having opposite directions or values (e.g., temperature above/below zero, elevation above/below sea level, credits/debits, positive/negative electric charge); use positive and negative numbers to represent quantities in real-world contexts, explaining the meaning of 0 in each situation. - 1E46DA08-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 2.3 Phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability. - 9FCCE886-E2BF-4481-B0D9-7447075679BE MS-ETS1-3 Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. - EE1B2056-A645-11E2-8098-4A539DFF4B22 8 Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information - 07C97CD3-AAB9-4CB7-A6B2-973CD5C952EC 1.1.1.3 Science depends on evaluating proposed explanations. - dbcc38c1-8094-4784-803a-2d0b2c889611 LS4.B Natural Selection - E7CD92CD-139D-45E7-9905-9B4B776BA843 MS-PS2-3 Ask questions about data to determine the factors that affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces. - 3580ECE0-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC ESS1.B.1 The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them. - 4FB7A199-F849-498C-93D1-4992A18FC1ED CCSS.Math.Practice.MP4 Model with mathematics. - A6446404-6F89-11DF-BAEE-EA329DFF4B22 4.d Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for phenomena. - 126082C3-ADAB-4188-9588-92A9E8238EE5 2.e Develop and/or use a model to predict and/or describe phenomena. - 02A450AA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 ETS1.B.3 There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. - D4C3B387-1F18-48EA-B58E-0827E85653B2 5 Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking - AC3A608C-3B8B-4183-A736-8B90F54B8518 ESS3.C.2 Typically as human populations and per-capita consumption of natural resources increase, so do the negative impacts on Earth unless the activities and technologies involved are engineered otherwise. - 08DEF54F-C946-4564-8F32-CF7F3A047070 MS-PS2.A Forces and Motion - a3c010f9-4180-4c5b-a229-e40cc34f84a5 ETS1.C.3 Although one design may not perform the best across all tests, identifying the characteristics of the design that performed the best in each test can provide useful information for the redesign process, that is, some of the characteristics may be incorporated into the new design. - 161882B0-0013-4FA5-BD15-67C89909FA93 PS3.C Relationship Between Energy and Forces - 8A126D84-5233-4D46-B69B-A36F8024C598 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - CAD2786D-500E-4B20-9138-B9E66DB9E7DA 2 Developing and Using Models - BA6ECC38-2CC2-4BE4-9116-5391AFED46AB MS-ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes - 9d3e46c0-8d2a-448b-b2ba-1bb808bc8730 MS-ETS1.C.3 Although one design may not perform the best across all tests, identifying the characteristics of the design that performed the best in each test can provide useful information for the redesign process—that is, some of those characteristics may be incorporated into the new design. - e48063fc-c920-4e23-aae0-6b8d20bc4b14 PS4.C.3 Digitized signals (sent as wave pulses) are a more reliable way to encode and transmit information. - 472FBD6D-0D17-40DE-B99E-D7AC9952F491 7.1 Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. - 744da3f0-461b-4b92-90cf-ab4cbd267dd3 4-PS3.B.1 Energy is present whenever there are moving objects, sound, light, or heat. When objects collide, energy can be transferred from one object to another, thereby changing their motion. In such collisions, some energy is typically also transferred to the surrounding air; as a result, the air gets heated and sound is produced. - 9b76d9f0-ccde-4717-bf7b-6072d2f07482 2.1.4.2 Science limits its explanations to systems that lend themselves to observation and empirical evidence. - e8a9943b-d936-4e98-9b63-af9fc678593c 1.3 Patterns can be used to identify cause and effect relationships. - D209084A-087E-44BF-99B6-43ED37D69DE7 6.2 Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used. - B8BC7A97-DB32-4C45-BD0D-5B6863FDA34D CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.6 Analyze the author’s purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text. - 2A9A7532-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 1.4 Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data. - AB53FF0C-4BA6-42FB-BD1A-7123237341B9 2.1.1 Science is a Way of Knowing - 06dd313c-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. - 1E6D5CA6-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.7 Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). - 2A9B637A-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System - 64093670-F8E4-437F-B497-D8AC42012544 8.a Critically read scientific texts adapted for classroom use to determine the central ideas and/or obtain scientific and/or technical information to describe patterns in and/or evidence about the natural and designed world(s). - 02BBD0CC-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 43A22C5B-735C-4B56-A795-6352EFB3D376 1 Interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology - 06f24963-6933-42b9-abde-a52a6a650399 MS-LS2.A.4 Similarly, predatory interactions may reduce the number of organisms or eliminate whole populations of organisms. Mutually beneficial interactions, in contrast, may become so interdependent that each organism requires the other for survival. Although the species involved in these competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems, the patterns of interactions of organisms with their environments, both living and nonliving, are shared. - 46de665b-83d8-4744-aa9f-5eb34e1aaebd 2 Events have causes, sometimes simple, sometimes multifaceted. Deciphering causal relationships, and the mechanisms by which they are mediated, is a major activity of science and engineering. - e073b4d0-725d-417f-84b1-a80901cb4f38 2.3 Phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability. - C99B097E-0140-40A5-A975-6A5B2EABADBA 5.3 Energy may take different forms (e.g., energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion). - 25D50D80-C048-4435-9C4B-F0F75D88A816 MS-ETS1-2 Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. - 56CCC522-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC MS-LS3-1 Develop and use a model to describe why structural changes to genes (mutations) located on chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the organism. - 42A8A444-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 4.2 Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. - 817ebac0-41f7-4d1d-88c5-42582d77261d 2 Developing and Using Models - 0EBF5A06-FC4C-4449-B4A7-AB6067915C12 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.10 By the end of grade 8, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 6–8 text complexity band independently and proficiently. - 2A9E45FE-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 MS-LS4-3 Analyze displays of pictorial data to compare patterns of similarities in the embryological development across multiple species to identify relationships not evident in the fully formed anatomy. - 430D6DD4-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - 874DF6E2-B969-4477-88E3-8E8452E859CA 6.1 Complex and microscopic structures and systems can be visualized, modeled, and used to describe how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts; therefore, complex natural and designed structures/systems can be analyzed to determine how they function. - 10b2cf8e-a5e4-4840-85fc-47b780e24865 PS2.B Types of Interactions - CF328B1A-7DD4-45B9-B873-D7AA736C272D 2.2 Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. - A32D78EB-B958-429D-B07B-C79257CAB3B8 6 Structure and Function - CC389D2D-851A-4336-A9DD-F68E954F33E7 PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation - 55A8B86D-94B3-41D7-89B7-0BD10E335FCC MS-PS4-3 Integrate qualitative scientific and technical information to support the claim that digitized signals are a more reliable way to encode and transmit information than analog signals. - 368403AC-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 4 Analyzing data in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to extending quantitative analysis to investigations, distinguishing between correlation and causation, and basic statistical techniques of data and error analysis. - 02AA2458-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1.a.5 that require sufficient and appropriate empirical evidence to answer. - 029EADC6-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 3 Planning and Carrying Out Investigations - 9907D7CD-0839-4FDE-B740-801EF46FE0D6 4.d Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for phenomena. - 7C3E6881-26ED-4537-8204-08D2FA3736DB 5 Tracking energy and matter flows, into, out of, and within systems helps one understand their system’s behavior. - efb9e6e9-1d76-4159-83cd-72d2331803db 5.b Use mathematical representations to describe and/or support scientific conclusions and design solutions. - 8A5D2AD9-77F1-48A1-9081-EACE314BA580 CCSS.Math.Content.6.SP.B.5 Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context, such as by: - 1E9CD886-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 1.1.1 Scientific Investigations Use a Variety of Methods - 06d8e5dc-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 1.3 Patterns can be used to identify cause and effect relationships. - 6C2383A9-1FC4-49D0-A08C-A944D6865B26 1.b Define a design problem that can be solved through the development of an object, tool, process or system and includes multiple criteria and constraints, including scientific knowledge that may limit possible solutions. - C75E79CD-34F1-4A5F-89B4-E832F15B0D66 MS-PS2.B.2 Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun. - 7f533d8d-6a94-4114-b60f-61ea80692d47 CCSS.Math.Content.7.RP.A.2.c Represent proportional relationships by equations. - 1EBD422E-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 4 Systems and System Models - 53783F60-F7B8-40D0-9A67-14C6E105D855 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - FAC43BB5-03F7-4698-B003-ADD3B3A26296 4.1 Systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. - a6629748-5113-48f7-9226-106ada00ee61 8 Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to evaluating the merit and validity of ideas and methods. - 02BB4558-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ETS1-1 Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions. - EE1A4834-A645-11E2-8098-4A539DFF4B22 MS-LS4.A Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity - c68a3c1d-2e1b-4ed0-89f6-d0aa726dae4b 1.1.4.3 Laws are regularities or mathematical descriptions of natural phenomena. - 9ef0597d-655f-4cc6-b45c-aca799e26d23 CCSS.Math.Content.7.RP.A.2.d Explain what a point (𝘹, 𝘹𝘺) on the graph of a proportional relationship means in terms of the situation, with special attention to the points (0, 0) and (1, 𝘹𝘺𝘳) where 𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳 is the unit rate. - 1EC08E02-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.7 Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table). - 1E7228C6-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 4.a Construct and interpret graphical displays of data to identify linear and nonlinear relationships. - 2E9D4807-FBD0-4509-9CF4-03A0085A86D2 2 Cause and Effect - 06CDD9BA-11F2-4A13-92A1-2B7FFA87F58C LS4.B.3 In artificial selection, humans have the capacity to influence certain characteristics of organisms by selective breeding. One can choose desired parental traits determined by genes, which are then passed on to offspring. - 40C6F19F-6F8E-4BFD-9D7B-10BD9BE5D01F 7.e Evaluate competing design solutions based on jointly developed and agreed-upon design criteria. - E24260C3-8A2C-463D-8A92-D42992BD3622 CCSS.Math.Content.7.RP.A.2.b Identify the constant of proportionality (unit rate) in tables, graphs, equations, diagrams, and verbal descriptions of proportional relationships. - 1EBB74C6-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 PS4.B.1 When light shines on an object, it is reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through the object, depending on the object's material and the frequency (color) of the light. - 0216EF91-9321-4909-8D68-751BF44A5049 7.3 Stability might be disturbed either by sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over time. - 32442536-3123-49d2-9510-d0e8dea181d7 MS-ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - e17056e4-c656-422a-9707-ab203a603377 CCSS.Math.Content.6.RP.A.3 Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations. - 1E28AC4A-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 5-PS2.B.3 The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center. - 7de1e35e-b30a-4065-b815-89a4ca101586 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - 736A0712-35C4-4397-BBF9-D8580D57B6F6 MS-LS1.D.1 Each sense receptor responds to different inputs (electromagnetic, mechanical, chemical), transmitting them as signals that travel along nerve cells to the brain. The signals are then processed in the brain, resulting in immediate behaviors or memories. - ba128550-d63c-4c0b-a4ee-8912b90ad303 ETS1.B.6 Models of all kinds are important for testing solutions. - 2063E411-8148-41F6-8558-E7D426A6DBF7 1 Patterns - 3c42692d-2e66-450a-a808-cff9a6b93d97 4-PS3-3 Ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in energy that occur when objects collide. - e04b6ad6-2e3c-4150-9408-a5648b1a8b8e 3.a Plan an investigation individually and collaboratively, and in the design: identify independent and dependent variables and controls, what tools are needed to do the gathering, how measurements will be recorded, and how many data are needed to support a claim. - FCCF8610-38C5-42A4-9C8A-5BA85AF285D5 MS-ESS1.C.1 The geologic time scale interpreted from rock strata provides a way to organize Earth’s history. Analyses of rock strata and the fossil record provide only relative dates, not an absolute scale. - 0118d065-a847-43aa-afd5-e9bc1022c9ba 2.3 Phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability. - B8A3A2A9-8C8F-4E6C-8582-56949B6BA75B MS-ETS1.A.1 The more precisely a design task’s criteria and constraints can be defined, the more likely it is that the designed solution will be successful. Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that are likely to limit possible solutions. - 6765f3c2-bc0f-4ecf-bd4e-8d8650840854 CCSS.Math.Content.6.SP.B.4 Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot plots, histograms, and box plots. - 1E9B5C72-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 8 Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information - 94693763-BD10-4DED-9A39-1C57C95200E1 2 Events have causes, sometimes simple, sometimes multifaceted. Deciphering causal relationships, and the mechanisms by which they are mediated, is a major activity of science and engineering. - 6fbbe580-504f-4aa8-a6fb-3423ac6f3353 6.f Apply scientific ideas or principles to design, construct, and/or test a design of an object, tool, process or system. - 02B5E73E-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 8.c Gather, read, and synthesize information from multiple appropriate sources and assess the credibility, accuracy, and possible bias of each publication and methods used, and describe how they are supported or not supported by evidence. - 28F61E32-BA62-4185-A69A-A5EC9DB2AB4D 4.b Use graphical displays (e.g., maps, charts, graphs, and/or tables) of large data sets to identify temporal and spatial relationships. - 02AB5A94-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1.a Engineering advances have led to important discoveries in virtually every field of science and scientific discoveries have led to the development of entire industries and engineered systems. - 3944a17c-8cf4-4385-9acc-40bbb259781d PS4.B.2 The path that light travels can be traced as straight lines, except at surfaces between different transparent materials (e.g., air and water, air and glass) where the light path bends. - 5D815D69-1D0D-49FA-8A9D-EEF6B8E09DDC CCSS.Math.Content.6.RP.A.1 Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities. - 1E20776E-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 1.1 Macroscopic patterns are related to the nature of microscopic and atomic-level structure. - adc0d545-65da-4fcb-a38d-aaa7e50405a8 4 Systems and System Models - 9887F910-FCFA-44E3-A18F-FE421619B26D 2 Cause and Effect - 07350F97-2F6B-438D-8C1A-A669499951EB 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - A1B780BD-EE14-488D-9561-7A6F5930A5C6 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. - 2AC438CC-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 3.d Collect data to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence to answer scientific questions or test design solutions under a range of conditions. - 02A8D27E-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ETS1.B.3 There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. - c3c1ba26-f82f-495f-a3ee-af6b6768c3f9 CCSS.Math.Content.6.RP.A.2 Understand the concept of a unit rate 𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢/𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣 associated with a ratio 𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢:𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣 with 𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣 ≠ 0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship. - 1E249010-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 7651FA55-01A6-4630-9CFB-C78C78351F46 2.e Develop and use a model to describe phenomena. - AC6CCE01-5E2C-41DD-AA83-18B31F73870A 7 Stability and Change - 4CDCE2A9-6412-4D63-8543-2583D4F61C16 3.2 The observed function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. - eaed9715-881d-4d52-97f4-db05646c8f63 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. - 1E833166-9892-11E0-8388-5F489DFF4B22 4.h Analyze data to define an optimal operational range for a proposed object, tool, process or system that best meets criteria for success. - 02AECDFA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ETS1-3 Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. - 56E49EF4-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 1.b Define a design problem that can be solved through the development of an object, tool, process or system and includes multiple criteria and constraints, including scientific knowledge that may limit possible solutions. - 02A096EA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1.2 Patterns in rates of change and other numerical relationships can provide information about natural and human designed systems. - 187e71cc-41ad-4b8c-8cd8-48464426ec8e 7.c Construct and present oral and written arguments supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. - 24B1F3F5-ED3E-4FDF-99C5-C6EFA23ED0AA MS-ESS1-3 Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system. - 4DA084F2-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 3 Planning and carrying out investigations in 6-8 builds on K-5 experiences and progresses to include investigations that use multiple variables and provide evidence to support explanations or solutions. - 02A640F4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 85996C55-9C62-4386-A615-898E83903BF9 2.d Develop and/or revise a model to show the relationships among variables, including those that are not observable but predict observable phenomena. - 02A3A9DE-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1.a.6 that can be investigated within the scope of the classroom, outdoor environment, and museums and other public facilities with available resources and, when appropriate, frame a hypothesis based on observations and scientific principles. - 029F6036-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 8.d Evaluate data, hypotheses, and/or conclusions in scientific and technical texts in light of competing information or accounts. - 02BD9BFA-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 LS4.A Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity - 05F6DA9E-97FA-4699-954E-28DB0DD32301 5 Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking - 54A36DEB-26C7-4D90-BDE2-745652DB7EFB 1.1.2 Scientific Knowledge is Based on Empirical Evidence - 06d97f24-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System - ADBBAC20-EC84-416F-9AFB-26CF9D79A4F9 6.e Apply scientific reasoning to show why the data or evidence is adequate for the explanation or conclusion. - 02B55878-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 1 Observed patterns in nature guide organization and classification and prompt questions about relationships and causes underlying them. - 9bc8cc70-02b3-4984-8a1f-37c3765806ae 6.a Construct an explanation that includes qualitative or quantitative relationships between variables that predict(s) and/or describe(s) phenomena. - 02B33796-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 6 Structure and Function - 250191D5-A4E2-43A1-B94D-6ED6E5AE8FCD 2.2 Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. - A422DE61-5283-4A85-A134-B9EA57101DFB ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System - 3A74ADFB-6BF7-4C40-9590-CF2D78FAD8EE 2.b The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. - aaf934e8-d27f-4867-94fa-bef30d74ce6b 6.f Apply scientific ideas or principles to design an object, tool, process or system. - 44AC3C3F-F1AD-40E4-A9C1-0F85FC3D05CF 6.d Apply scientific ideas, principles, and/or evidence to construct, revise and/or use an explanation for real-world phenomena, examples, or events. - 02B4D182-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ETS1.B.3 There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. - 46c8e3c8-8d13-40fa-8c10-0c441e076923 4 Systems and System Models - 744C0246-5354-41C6-85BA-084856D7BF07 1.1.4 Science Models, Laws, Mechanisms, and Theories Explain Natural Phenomena - 06dc42b8-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 MS-ESS3-4 Construct an argument supported by evidence for how increases in human population and per-capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth's systems. - 4EA6F638-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC LS4.B.2 Natural selection leads to the predominance of certain traits in a population, and the suppression of others. - AEC4CB8A-6746-4689-BE19-0C9B0DE579A9 3 Scale, Proportion and Quantity - 789de3c9-fef6-4bb2-933f-02c5c189b557 ETS1.A Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem - 1315F8DA-3CD6-45C2-B772-C1DCAD2E1DFB CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.1 Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. - 2AA246CC-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 1 Asking Questions and Defining Problems - 6D0C6052-9D64-4F79-AE2E-6427FFFD5E30 2.g Develop and/or use a model to generate data to test ideas about phenomena in natural or designed systems, including those representing inputs and outputs, and those at unobservable scales. - 02A59BE0-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 CCSS.Math.Content.7.RP.A.2.a Decide whether two quantities are in a proportional relationship, e.g., by testing for equivalent ratios in a table or graphing on a coordinate plane and observing whether the graph is a straight line through the origin. - 1EB93512-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 2.1.4.1 Scientific knowledge is constrained by human capacity, technology, and materials. - 02ff9ec9-8df9-448b-8b25-74425f67a1bf 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - 688A904B-B302-4A11-9B01-E4121C27F22E 1.a Ask questions - 029B9E6A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 4.2 Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions, such as inputs, processes and outputs, and energy and matter flows within systems. - EAFED5C0-5AE0-4E7A-8715-1E15DCA0C1B0 4-PS3.B.3 Energy can also be transferred from place to place by electric currents, which can then be used locally to produce motion, sound, heat, or light. The currents may have been produced to begin with by transforming the energy of motion into electrical energy. - 84a38bd2-6261-4141-a881-cc0f3ec8d766 2.3 Phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability. - 69F8388E-DF75-461C-98F9-B0585420E1C2 4.d Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for phenomena. - 02AC7D70-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-PS3.C.1 When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other that can cause energy to be transferred to or from the object. - 559fe2cc-48c6-4ab7-8563-d61b56d1c439 CCSS.Math.Content.8.F.A.3 Interpret the equation 𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺 = 𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺𝘮𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺𝘮𝘹 + 𝘹𝘺𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘣𝘺𝘮𝘹𝘣 as defining a linear function, whose graph is a straight line; give examples of functions that are not linear. - 1F4AA754-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 ESS1.B.3 The solar system appears to have formed from a disk of dust and gas, drawn together by gravity. - E0636439-C6B4-4785-ACE3-1FB5F7E7C68A LS3.A.1 Genes are located in the chromosomes of cells, with each chromosome pair containing two variants of each of many distinct genes. Each distinct gene chiefly controls the production of specific proteins, which in turn affects the traits of the individual. Changes (mutations) to genes can result in changes to proteins, which can affect the structures and functions of the organism and thereby change traits. - 0BAEA445-0B5F-496D-9DDE-C100503AD83A PS2.B.4 Forces that act at a distance (electric, magnetic, and gravitational) can be explained by fields that extend through space and can be mapped by their effect on a test object (a charged object, or a ball, respectively). - 38227834-5526-4BAC-8F23-1C44FFADF680 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - E3C31F0A-9F4E-426C-AC02-1447DE17B0CD 2 Developing and Using Models - 0491894E-3683-4CC4-AD34-F8F52F2B6884 PS2.A Forces and Motion - E652A61E-6700-4ECE-8B2E-A2BDD3CD2E39 1.3 Patterns can be used to identify cause and effect relationships. - ce7aa44d-23ac-48a3-b840-3fb0e78fd0c7 MS-LS4.C.1 Adaptation by natural selection acting over generations is one important process by which species change over time in response to changes in environmental conditions. Traits that support successful survival and reproduction in the new environment become more common; those that do not become less common. Thus, the distribution of traits in a population changes. - b7fb4fae-c739-4a5a-939c-2fed3b8a5245 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - 610FD589-9BFD-46F5-A9BF-49258E985546 MS-PS3-2 Develop a model to describe that when the arrangement of objects interacting at a distance changes, different amounts of potential energy are stored in the system. - 35E4FC26-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 4.2 Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions, such as inputs, processes and outputs, and energy and matter flows within systems. - 59753FF2-F87B-4B63-93AB-6111BB13A711 PS4.A Wave Properties - E6AEAD37-B284-4760-B625-CB2EA50CA060 1 Asking questions and defining problems in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to specifying relationships between variables, and clarifying arguments and models. - 029AF71C-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.a Evaluate limitations of a model for a proposed object or tool. - 02A1DCB2-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-8.7 Integrate visual information (e.g., in charts, graphs, photographs, videos, or maps) with other information in print and digital texts. - 2A5BFD0C-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - 744F5D93-AF6A-49AA-A614-43BC1F9159E0 MS-PS3-5 Construct, use, and present arguments to support the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object. - 362FDF34-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC 2 Cause and Effect - 502C9EE8-A108-4968-B41C-8E539DA9CB11 PS4.A Wave Properties - 018105C8-471A-40D4-A301-7EEFFABE68AA ETS1.B.2 A solution needs to be tested, and then modified on the basis of the test results in order to improve it. There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet criteria and constraints of a problem. - 0E14AFC2-27EE-4EB6-A570-96310B96A38C PS3.A.1 Motion energy is properly called kinetic energy; it is proportional to the mass of the moving object and grows with the square of its speed. - EAA553A8-93F9-450A-A304-30BB04C11971 4.g Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - 58DA654B-F170-4E98-89AD-C8066F094301 2.e Develop and use a model to describe phenomena. - 48F8071A-B5FE-4214-AB66-087D77F7DFB8 2.1.2 Scientific Knowledge Assumes an Order and Consistency in Natural Systems - 06dd6e04-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.3 Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks. - 2A94E9D2-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 1 Patterns - 5ED453B9-507C-4030-8973-2FA45B2D757F 5.3 Energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects. - e519b734-21ef-4c3d-a49c-5e47f375b593 LS3.B.2 In addition to variations that arise from sexual reproduction, genetic information can be altered because of mutations. Though rare, mutations may result in changes to the structure and function of proteins. Some changes are beneficial, others harmful, and some neutral to the organism. - 05D56F3B-3D79-493C-816E-7804B4935FE4 1 Patterns - 8301A320-AAAE-4D97-8AFF-F7D1F7199A05 2 Cause and Effect - 08B136DC-9C7B-4F09-B50E-3936FB5806E6 LS4.A.5 Comparison of the embryological development of different species also reveals similarities that show relationships not evident in the fully-formed anatomy. - BA537527-E102-4EB1-B9CF-070B2D3DB4DA 4.a Construct, analyze, and/or interpret graphical displays of data and/or large data sets to identify linear and nonlinear relationships. - 02AAC3E0-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 MS-ETS1.B.6 Models of all kinds are important for testing solutions. - 61fad8b8-8737-416d-a55d-b793ef8e0321 ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earth Systems - 99B15200-FEB3-4E08-9030-25376CC1F865 MS-ETS1-4 Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. - 56FCAF3A-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and topics. - 2A97236E-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 5.b Use mathematical representations to describe and/or support scientific conclusions and design solutions. - 02B06F16-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS2.B.2 Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass, e.g., Earth and the sun. - 6ABA5E9E-8F04-49F1-8509-F81C42A0AB3D 8.e Communicate scientific and/or technical information (e.g. about a proposed object, tool, process, system) in writing and/or through oral presentations. - 02BE3C4A-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2 Cause and Effect - 123894e2-9e65-4966-afc5-456f92a7d1d7 MS-PS4-2 Develop and use a model to describe that waves are reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through various materials. - 36698D38-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC MS-PS2-1 Apply Newton's Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects. - 354DDFF8-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC ETS1.A.1 The more precisely a design task's criteria and constraints can be defined, the more likely it is that the designed solution will be successful. Specification of constraints includes consideration of scientific principles and other relevant knowledge that is likely to limit possible solutions. - 853B6CD1-8351-4006-AEA0-09500A34E296 4.2 Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions. - 9A06913E-92D4-4F54-9201-0C48217BEA82 6 Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 6–8 builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to include constructing explanations and designing solutions supported by multiple sources of evidence consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories. - 02B2B1E0-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 5-ESS1.B.1 The orbits of Earth around the sun and of the moon around Earth, together with the rotation of Earth about an axis between its North and South poles, cause observable patterns. These include day and night; daily changes in the length and direction of shadows; and different positions of the sun, moon, and stars at different times of the day, month, and year. - 66beee25-a7ae-42b6-bffb-6217e17e8f2b MS-PS2.B Types of Interactions - fab719f9-e730-4469-83cc-233cf5e8eb2e 6 Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions - 97032177-4557-41DD-8755-46C84FD4D0B7 MS-ESS1.B.1 The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them. - 4f29b085-0f13-4d45-84e9-ec8090b6e0ad PS3.A Definitions of Energy - E8E41878-A10D-4095-9D2A-B64456E47AA3 7 Stability and Change - 64F69D1B-7755-43E5-B71F-F39F1F6EBAFA 4-PS3.B.2 Light also transfers energy from place to place. - 15b469d0-f58c-436d-8b60-cdd941d4e4b8 2 Developing and Using Models - 1166B2B1-050C-4E79-9983-C2F5ED2C3D66 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.4 Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with relevant evidence, sound valid reasoning, and well-chosen details; use appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation. - 81151938-7440-11DF-93FA-01FD9CFF4B22 1.1.3.2 The certainty and durability of science findings varies. - 5e79eb54-71bb-4a47-be1a-a197379345d4 PS3.C.1 When two objects interact, each one exerts a force on the other that can cause energy to be transferred to or from the object. - B8F07850-9612-47AF-9A4E-80C26C4F628B CCSS.Math.Content.6.EE.B.6 Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions when solving a real-world or mathematical problem; understand that a variable can represent an unknown number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any number in a specified set. - 1E789D90-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 3.a Plan an investigation individually and collaboratively, and in the design: identify independent and dependent variables and controls, what tools are needed to do the gathering, how measurements will be recorded, and how many data are needed to support a claim. - 02A6EDE2-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data - EC4EC0EC-0275-45C1-8C73-6A1DAFF541AA 1.a Ask questions that can be investigated within the scope of the classroom, outdoor environment, and museums and other public facilities with available resources and, when appropriate, frame a hypothesis based on observations and scientific principles. - 2F130D57-58B3-48E1-A827-BEB05032E7EF 3.1 Time, space, and energy phenomena can be observed at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. - 01a098e0-6f13-458b-a7a6-f8d5dc5091b5 3.e Collect data about the performance of a proposed object, tool, process or system under a range of conditions. - 02A98F3E-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer - B3C75EFE-1977-4CAB-AD9C-EA5B8F849DC1 1.1.1.1 Science investigations use a variety of methods and tools to make measurements and observations. - 03197eaf-f890-401c-a558-0962bceceb73 1 Asking Questions and Defining Problems - 8443EA7A-6EDE-4874-AE69-157C26988EC4 MS-ESS1.C The History of Planet Earth - 032dea4f-42fe-40b6-adf3-8f324632f272 ESS1.B.1 The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them. - 9B8D26C8-6F58-42F4-B654-6D3CDBA5941C CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.7 Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration. - 2AC0C58E-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 CCSS.Math.Content.7.RP.A.2 Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities. - 1EB72628-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 1.1.2.1 Science knowledge is based upon logical and conceptual connections between evidence and explanations. - 0fab83f8-b2b8-4dd5-9850-8bd0d759b13d 1.1.4.1 Theories are explanations for observable phenomena. - 31a339e6-1fee-40c6-a682-10322e3e95ba ETS1.B.3 There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. - 94EA3A19-2F1B-4C3E-911A-B0E323D4F330 6 Structure and Function - 32888EA0-1828-439A-8069-97DBD092D9D4 2.1.3 Science is a Human Endeavor - 06dda72a-3155-11e5-b118-0022196d8fc8 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.6-8.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes. - 2AAD5684-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 1.1.4.5 The term "theory" as used in science is very different from the common use outside of science. - 5d20ae1c-eddf-4cab-8a8b-7363c3ab2a5a CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. - 2A9210A4-74F7-11DF-80DD-6B359DFF4B22 2.1 Relationships can be classified as causal or correlational, and correlation does not necessarily imply causation. - 5cba79f4-9548-4c6f-8981-e6e2148a3a51 6.2 Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used. - c85131af-a0a1-4f74-b989-3989c6470fba 1.b Science and technology drive each other forward. - 2628db65-8991-4393-805f-673b632e7c15 2 Developing and Using Models - A223476E-B476-4F19-9165-68A56A6CA44C 8.c Gather, read, and synthesize information from multiple appropriate sources and assess the credibility, accuracy, and possible bias of each publication and methods used, and describe how they are supported or not supported by evidence. - 3A3E6C0C-CE20-454C-A3D8-C973D1F29E68 7.c Construct, use, and present oral and written arguments supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon. - 60F20780-FEC2-4406-ABF7-D12373CC0B46 6.1 Complex and microscopic structures and systems can be visualized, modeled, and used to describe how their function depends on the shapes, composition, and relationships among its parts, therefore complex natural structures/systems can be analyzed to determine how they function. - 56BBC87A-89AA-4AD8-8198-507D84958C4A 6.1 Complex and microscopic structures and systems can be visualized, modeled, and used to describe how their function depends on the relationships among its parts, therefore complex natural structures/systems can be analyzed to determine how they function. - FB2570F6-5DE3-41B5-BAAF-3053DB37A9E0 2.2 Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. - D51729FA-89A1-4303-BE10-8BEF904530E4 LS4.A Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity - 71A77E83-576D-48BF-A526-9ABDCD83C0FD MS-ETS1.C Optimizing the Design Solution - 93c67c32-a22e-44be-8320-a3b35f09734d 1.3 Patterns can be used to identify cause-and-effect relationships. - BC73B53C-5EF6-4032-A572-5B463EC76959 CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.A.2 Use square root and cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form 34𝘹² = 34𝘹𝘱 and 34𝘹𝘱𝘹³ = 34𝘹𝘱𝘹𝘱, where 34𝘹𝘱𝘹𝘱𝘱 is a positive rational number. Evaluate square roots of small perfect squares and cube roots of small perfect cubes. Know that √2 is irrational. - 1F29E3AC-7053-11DF-8EBF-BE719DFF4B22 MS-ESS1.A.1 Patterns of the apparent motion of the sun, the moon, and stars in the sky can be observed, described, predicted, and explained with models. - 8dc0ad0d-4702-4c6f-bb4f-c19de94058f5 3.b Conduct an investigation and/or evaluate and/or revise the experimental design to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence that meet the goals of the investigation. - 02A77DD4-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 6.c Construct a scientific explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from sources (including the students' own experiments) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future. - 28388AF5-F225-4933-9E6B-4AA6C2582ED5 6.b Construct an explanation using models or representations. - 02B3BE50-EDC8-11E2-88AA-A55A9DFF4B22 2.2 Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. - 84e81135-a54a-48e5-99d9-a44899b41fb3 8 Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information - CBD89B7D-E92A-415B-B4B0-897B80D533AC MS-ESS1-2 Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system. - 4D884054-0835-11E8-8D95-A2487238C2EC MS-ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions - f0103e46-10fb-49ca-9561-eaa2db8e07bc 2.e Develop and use a model to describe phenomena. - 7CB2A6F4-D9B1-47D8-A7A2-544F6400AC9E 7 Engaging in Argument from Evidence - 927F7745-C163-4228-9910-B3DDD23D0F4E 4.g Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings. - BE38F669-8C93-4C61-BE23-DB7CBB0C276C 3 Scale, Proportion, and Quantity - 1EA5FB93-1424-43D1-A5CC-2644FD511D45 CCSS.Math.Practice.MP2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively. - A6424534-6F89-11DF-BAEE-EA329DFF4B22 List of all Files Validated: imsmanifest.xml resources/basicLTILink/R_BF2915B6B77270E8E1768FAC2192C94D.xml 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